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Build Back Better Earthquake Reconstruction in Gujarat

Build Back Better Earthquake Reconstruction in Gujarat. Presented by Rajesh Kishore Chief Executive Officer December 19 th 2006. Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority Government of Gujarat. GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE - 26 January 2001.

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Build Back Better Earthquake Reconstruction in Gujarat

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  1. Build Back BetterEarthquake Reconstruction in Gujarat Presented by Rajesh Kishore Chief Executive Officer December 19th 2006 Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority Government of Gujarat

  2. GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE - 26 January 2001 Earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on Richter scale; 7.7 Mw (USGS) Epicenter - Chaubari village, north of Bhachau, Kutch. Reported lives lost 13,805 One of the worst earthquakes in the last 180 years 167,000 persons suffered injury Over 2,22,035 houses completely destroyed and 9,17,158 houses damaged Over 10 million people affected by the calamity Over 10,000 small and medium industrial units went out of production 50,000 artisans lost their livelihood Over 300 hospitals destroyed 7,633 villages adversely affected, 450 villages flattened totally Around 5 million people needed to be given immediate relief all over the State ….that too in the wake of two consecutive years of drought.

  3. THE NEED OF RECONSTRUCTION & REHABILITATION • ACHIEVE BALANCED & SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY IN THE AFFECTED AREAS – across 21 out of 25 districts • COVER ALL ASPECTS OF HUMAN NEED – not merely repair & reconstruct to upgraded MHR standards but also to restore livelihoods & undertake social rehabilitation • ADOPT MULTISECTORAL APPROACH –forintegrated & holistic all round development across rural and urban areas • LAY FOUNDATION FOR LONG TERM SUSTAINABLE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY BUILDING IN GUJARAT

  4. THIS ESTABLISHED A CLEAR NEED FOR • A CENTRAL, EMPOWERED ORGANISATION • A CLEAR VISION AND PROGRAMME

  5. THE RATIONALE BEHIND THEGUJARAT STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY • QUICK POLICY MAKING • IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MASSIVE RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMME • COORDINATING WITH GOVERNMENT OF GUJARAT, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MULTILATERAL FUNDING AGENCIES, UN AGENCIES, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY • SETTING BUILDING STANDARDS • RESOURCE AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT • MONITORING AND QUALITY INSPECTION • CAPACITY BUILDING FOR LONG TERM DISASTER MANAGEMENT

  6. PROGRAMME APPROACH • HOLISTIC Comprehensive physical, economic and social reconstruction • PARTICIPATIVE Citizens participation, public private partnership • MULTI - HAZARD APPROACH Earthquake, cyclone, tsunami, flood, chemical hazard etc • SUSTAINABLE Capacity building, training and awareness creation • TRANSPARENT Accountability, grievance redressal • VISION Risk reduction, response, readiness and recovery

  7. PROGRAMME COST Total Estimated Cost - Rs. 7,936 crores ($1.76 billion) Livelihood Social Infrastructure

  8. PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS Housing • Reconstruction of 2,00,218 G - 5 houses (90%) completed • Repair of 9,08,751 G - 1 to G – 4 houses (99%) completed Social Infrastructure Education Infrastructure • 44,218 (100%) school rooms have been repaired • 12,750 (100%) school rooms have been reconstructed • 13,000 new additional school rooms have been reconstructed Health Infrastructure • Repair & Reconstruction of 1,107(100%) health structures have been completed Social Rehabilitation • Setting of orphanages, assistance to paraplegics, pension to widows and old aged, artificial limbs to handicapped etc Livelihood Restoration • Restored livelihood restoration of over 200,000 families working in agriculture and village cottage industries etc

  9. PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS Public Infrastructure Power • Strengthening of 8,903 km (90%) of transmission and distribution lines completed Roads & Bridges • Repair/Reconstruction of 4,134 km (98%) of state highways and rural roads completed • All 179 bridges have been reconstructed Rural Water Supply • 2,615 km (96%) of water supply pipelines laid Dam Safety & Irrigation • 181 dams (82%) have been strengthened Public Buildings • 2,758 ( 99%) public buildings reconstructed • 8,999 (98%) public buildings repaired • Retrofitting of 3534 undamaged buildings underway and 377 completed Urban Infrastructure • 349 Km (100%) of urban roads completed • 333 Km (93%) of sewerage pipelines have been laid • 700 Km ( 99.7%) of water supply pipelines have been laid • 171 (99%) new municipal buildings have been reconstructed out of 173

  10. HOUSING RECOVERY APPROACH Owner Driven Reconstruction ( share 80%) • Owner was the prime mover of the reconstruction process and reconstruction as per the need, pace and will of the owner • Government providing material, technical and financial assistance • A sense of acceptance and ownership leading to higher occupancy • Knowledge transfer resulting in long-term disaster management capacity building Public Private Partnership Programme (share 20%) • Partnership with 80 NGOs on a 50% cost sharing basis with government • Community through Gram Sabha to approve NGO involvement

  11. HOUSING RECOVERY SECTOR - HIGHLIGHTS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION • Largely Owner Driven • Minimal relocation • Choice of relocationdecided by village community through gram sabha ENSURING STANDARDS • Multi-hazardresistant reconstruction • Payment of installments after engineers’ certification • Third party quality auditby National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCCBM) RESOURCE ASSISTANCE • Payment made directly in bank accounts - 6,60,000 bank accounts opened • 1,082material banksopened - 219 lakh cement bags distributed apart from steel at subsidized cost • Excise duty/ Sales tax exemptionfor building materials procured in Kutch RISK TRANSFER • Insuranceto 14 types of hazards for 10 years at premium of Rs.367 deducted from the last financial installment by the state EQUITY • Joint ownershipof house by husband and wife

  12. URBAN RE - ENGINEERING APPROACH Task undertaken scientifically & methodically.. In 14 affected towns Relocation and Rehabilitation Task 1 Preparation of Development Plans Task 2 Preparation of Town Planning Schemes Task 3 Infrastructure Development Task 4

  13. URBAN RE - ENGINEERING Programme implementation - Institutional arrangement • Designation of Gujarat Urban Development Company as implementation agency for procurement, design supervision and implementation • Setting up Area Development Authorities in the worst affected towns of Kutch to facilitate the development process and rehabilitation Programme design • Accurate mapping done through 19 studies of the affected areas • Using existing legislations for preparation of Development Plans (DPs) and Town Planning Schemes (TPS) to lay the base for infrastructure design and implementation • Separate packages for procurement of town planning, infrastructure design and supervising and detailed unit design consultants Community participation • 1,800 consultative meetings conducted for incorporating public objections and suggestions in the development and town planning processes

  14. URBAN RE - ENGINEERING PREPRATION OF 4 DEVELOPMENT PLANS & 13 TOWN PLANNING SCHEMES Traditional markets on specific streets Traffic congestion Large central market area Market streets for pedestrians Existing Proposed Plots have no proper access Well planned street network Proper access for all plots No hierarchy of streets Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

  15. URBAN RE - ENGINEERING ROAD NETWORK PLANNING Road network in periphery poor No clear pattern Ring - radial pattern New roads for growth areas Existing Proposed Poor quality of construction Clearly defined hierarchy Better quality of construction No hierarchy Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

  16. URBAN RE - ENGINEERING WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE NETWORK PLANNING City only partly served Inadequate supply Service to entire city Narmada drinking water Existing Proposed Periphery has no piped supply Pipes in old city damaged New system for periphery Reconstruction of city networks Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

  17. BENEFIT MONITORING Housing – Urban and Rural • 93% G-5 beneficiaries occupied re-constructed and insured permanent houses • 52% beneficiaries had separate toilets and 84% had separate kitchens • 39% beneficiaries in the 4 towns lived in larger houses as compared to the pre-earthquake situation • 85% newly constructed houses in the 4 towns had a road passing directly in front of them • 23% more BPL families live in permanent houses Education • More than 90% students who dropped out in both primary and secondary schools have rejoined - no loss in academic year Livelihood • 72% women surveyed have more income now compared to pre –earthquake time Source – BME (phase II), 2nd sample survey report - 2004

  18. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Relief distribution • 99% of the affected population received immediate relief assistance such as cashdoles, grains, utensils, clothes, blankets, medicines, tents, plastic sheets etc Damage assessment • About 60% responded that the classification of houses was done on a fair basis and showed satisfaction Community participation • 65% responded that the process for selection of new site was in common interest and acceptable to all Grievance redressal • More than 74% responded that the grievance redressal system was fair • About 42,000 cases processed by the Ombudsman Environmental safeguard • 80% responded that rubble was used for recycling and there was absence of any environmental risk during reconstruction Source –SIA (phase II) final report - 2004

  19. Factors behind GSDMA functioning • A unique organisational form - Autonomous entity with statutory status – evolved its own procedures • High powered governance structure – First time in the State – focused decision making – cutting short procedures • Focused entity with domain experience in Disaster Management • A lean and flat organization with a non - bureaucratic organizational culture -Flexibility and adaptability in functioning • Ability to manage large resources in a transparent & accountable manner • Credibility and acceptability before State & National Government, International funding agencies etc • Efficiency in outsourcing and contract management Source – Institutional study: IIM A, discussion report - 2006

  20. HOW DID WE “BUILD BACK BETTER” • Having a Clear Vision – turning adversity into a development opportunity • Designing a comprehensive, time bound, multi sectoral Program • Creation of a central empowered institution – decision making, policy setting, programme formulation, resource allocation, implementation, evaluation and monitoring, reporting • High level of organisational commitment • Using the existing departments for programme implementation • Setting and Building to higher standards • Regular involvement of affected persons and LSGs/ CBOs/ NGOs

  21. RECOGNITION/AWARDS • GSDMA awardedThe Commonwealth Association for Public Administration & Management (CAPAM) GOLD Awardfor Innovations in Governance in 2004 • GSDMA was awarded TheUnited Nations Sasakawa Award for Disaster Reduction2003 • GEERP awardedTheGreen Award by World Bankfor successfully integrating environmental concerns in the Emergency Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Program for the year 2001

  22. THANK YOU

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