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Chapter 3: The Muse of Fire (90-129)

Chapter 3: The Muse of Fire (90-129). The Muse Of Fire. The Story of English. By Don L. F. Nilsen Based on The Story of English By Robert McCrum, Robert MacNeil and William Cran (Penguin, 2003). The English Renaissance.

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Chapter 3: The Muse of Fire (90-129)

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  1. Chapter 3:The Muse of Fire (90-129) The Muse Of Fire 31

  2. The Story of English By Don L. F. Nilsen Based on The Story of English By Robert McCrum, Robert MacNeil and William Cran (Penguin, 2003) 31

  3. The English Renaissance • 1476: Caxton’s Printing Press at Westminster—resulted in a rise of the middle class • Henry VIII broke with Rome—established the Anglican Church • Queen Elizabeth was threatened by the superpowers of France and Spain (Napoleon & Spanish Armada) • James I had the Bible translated (McCrum 93) • Greek & Latin Inkhorn Terms had entered English (Inkhorn, European, Four-Letter Words) 31

  4. James VI  James I • James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots and he wrote broad Scots, but when he left Holyroodhouse to move South to Edinburgh, he became a Lowland Scot (McCrum 148). • James VI of Scotland became James I of the British Isles. He was the first king of the entire British Isles and wanted to unite everybody in the Kingdom. • So he had the Bible translated into the best English possible 31

  5. Features of Renaissance English 31

  6. Shakespeare’s Comedies • All’s Well that Ends Well • Comedy of Errors • Love’s Labors Lost • Merry Wives of Windsor • Midsummer Night’s Dream • Bottom’s Dream 31

  7. Shakespeare’s Histories • Antony and Cleopatra • Henry V • Henry VIII • Julius Caesar • Richard II • Richard III • The Tempest: written 2 years after Jamestown about the wreck of the Sea Venture 500 miles East of Charlestown, SC. 31

  8. Shakespeare’s Romances • Much Ado about Nothing • The Taming of the Shrew • Romeo and Juliet (started as a comedy; became a tragedy when Mercutio was killed) 31

  9. Shakespeare’s Tragedies • Hamlet • The Mad Scene (Polonius in wings) • The Grave-Digger’s Scene (Yorick) • To be or not to be (Slings and Arrows) • The Mouse Trap (cf. Agatha Christie) • Good Night, Sweet Prince • King Lear • The fool is not the fool • MacBeth • Drunken Porter’s Scene • Lady MacBeth’s “Out out, damn spot” • The Merchant of Venice • Portia in drag as a lawyer (her defense) • Othello • Put out the light and then put out the light (McCrum 102- 31

  10. English Authors • Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World • George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion • Lerner & Lowe’s My Fair Lady • George Orwell’s Animal Farm & 1984 31

  11. The King-James (Authorized) Bible • 6 Groups of Translators of at least 8 translators per group (6 years of hard work) • Two groups in Westminster (London) • Two groups in Oxford (Royalist) • Two groups in Cambridge (Puritan) • (McCrum 113, 116) 31

  12. English Comes to America • New England (r-less) was settled by Puritans from East Anglia, Kent, Yorkshire & Devon (r-less and British /a/)—The Mayflower sailed from Plymouth to Plymouth Rock, MA in 1620 • Rest of America (with r & flat /æ/) was settled by immigrants from Southwestern England (with r and flat /æ/) (McCrum 116-117) 31

  13. England: Flat /æ/ vs r-less Dialects (McCrum 114/115) 31

  14. English in America • /r/ is generally pronounced • Flat /æ/ is most frequent • Missile, fertile, sterile (stress front shifted) • Secretary, laboratory advertisement (stress front shifted) 31

  15. English Colonization Names 31

  16. English Colonization Names II 31

  17. English Colonization Names III 31

  18. Tidewater English (McCrum 107/115) 31

  19. American English before 1776 (McCrum 118/119) 31

  20. Indian Names 31

  21. Indian Names II 31

  22. Indian Words 31

  23. Indian Loan Translations • Firewater (whiskey) • Indian summer • To bury the hatchet • To go on the warpath • To play possum • To smoke the peace pipe • warpaint 31

  24. English vs. French vs. Spanish vs. Dutch (McCrum 119/120) 31

  25. Dutch Words 31

  26. French Colonization Names 31

  27. French Colonization Names II 31

  28. French Words (McCrum 126) 31

  29. Spanish Colonization NamesNew Spain: AZ, CA, NM TX (125) 31

  30. Spanish Colonization Names II 31

  31. !Spanish Colonization Names III 31

  32. !!Spanish Words 31

  33. !!!Nilsen PowerPoint & DVD • My Fair Lady DVD by Lerner and Lowe, based on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw • Spanish-English Contrastive Analysis 31

  34. Works Cited • McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. The Story of English. New York, NY: Penguin, 1986. (source of map citations) • McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. The Story of English: Third Revised Edition. New York, NY: Penguin, 2003. (source of text citations) 31

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