THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROCK MUSIC

1. THEDEVELOPMENT OF ROCK MUSIC Intro to Radio Presents...

2. EARLY BEGINNINGS • Today’s music originally developed from what was known as African Township jive • Instead of instruments, these artists used their mouth, lips, and tongues to create a variety of sounds, later duplicated by instrumentation *

3. EARLY BEGINNINGS • The jive was brought into the southeast part of this country by blacks from Africa • They began mixing their musical style with a crude form of English (lyrics) that they were taught by the slave owners

4. 1920's • Different types of music were played in different parts of the country • The record industry allowed people in one part to hear music from another part • This led to hybrids and resulted in new styles of music Record Producer Sam Phillips

5. FIRST ROCK HIT • America was not quite ready for this radical sound • Adults were listening to Glenn Miller and Tommy Dorsey and other big band groups * The Tommy Dorsey Band

6. FIRST ROCK HIT March, 1951 "Rocket 88" by Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats *

7. COVER GROUPS • In the mid 1950s white groups and artists began recording songs previously made hits by black singers • These singers were called “cover” artists

8. COVER GROUPS • July 6, 1954 - Elvis records "That's All Right Mama" • He was considered to be white singer with black sounds • He was also a cover artist

9. THE DAY THE MUSIC DIED • Tragedy stuck the music industry in the late 50s • February 3, 1959 - Buddy Holly, Richie Valens, J.P.Richardson (The Big Bopper) were killed in a plane crash near Cedar Lake, Iowa • This is called “The day the music died”

10. ROCKABILLY ERA(1954-1958) • Began with Elvis' "That's All Right" • September 9, 1956 - 1st of three appearances on Ed Sullivan Show • January 6, 1957 was his final appearance; CBS censors ordered that he be shown only from the waist up

11. ROCKABILLY ERA(1954-1958) • Ended when he got drafted in 1957 and was inducted into the Army March 24, 1958

12. ROCKABILLY ERA(1954-1958) • During this same time, Buddy Holly was recording more original white rock • August 5, 1957 - ABC-TV begins after school broadcast of "American Bandstand" from WFIL, Philadelphia

13. ROCKABILLY ERA(1954-1958) • Jerry Lee Lewis was challenging Elvis for the title "King of Rock and Roll" • Announced that he married his 13-year old cousin (not his first marriage) • That ruined him • Last Jerry Lee hit was "High School Hop"

14. STREET CORNERS& DO-WOPS • This is the way groups auditioned for music reps • In Philadelphia the "Do-wop" sound was highlighted by Dion and the Belmonts in 1958 "I Wonder Why" was their first big hit

15. ROCK & ROLLBetween Elvis and The Beatles • In this era the people who wrote and produced the music were the stars • Phil Specter “Wall of Sound” • Brian Wilson and the Beach Boys • Dick Dale “King of the Surf Guitar”

16. VIETNAM WAR ERA • "America, Love It or Leave It" • Protests and demonstrations • Strong feelings for love and peace...flower children • Satirical war protest song by Country Joe and the Fish - “Fixin' to Die Rag”

17. VIETNAM WAR ERA • There were serious songs about war • May 4, 1970 was the day of the Kent State shootings • Locally, one of the most popular songs was "Ohio" by Crosby, Stills, & Nash

18. AFTER THE WAR • TM, Karma, gurus were still helping people to find themselves • The number of officially recognized and defined mental disorders increased from 110 to 210 in just a matter of a few years (1975-80) • Psychic surgery was "in" • Sex became an obsession in society and in song

19. THE 60'S AND 70'S • Express your feelings, whatever they happen to be • “Let it all hang out" • Shed your defenses - problems only existed because you had a traumatic birth and childhood; be reborn! • You need space • Do your own thing…be yourself

20. The End of the 60’s • 1967 – Was called the “The Summer of Love” • 1969 – The Altamont Concert in California marked the end of big outdoor concerts • It was billed “The Woodstock of the West,” but was actually a screw-up with concert-goers being beaten by Hell’s Angels members who were “Security”

21. The 1970’s • People were obsessed with being themselves and getting in touch with themselves • Donna Summer’s hit “Love to Love You” was banned in the USA • Bucking the rules was OK, because the establishment was all screwed up

22. ROCK & ROLL Alan Freed “Mr. Rock and Roll”

23. ALAN FREED • Freed was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania • Grew up in Salem, Ohio (Columbiana County) near Youngstown • Worked in New Castle, PA and Youngstown • In 1945 began DJ career at WAKR, Akron playing hot jazz and pop at age 23

24. ALAN FREED • Hired at WJW in Cleveland in 1951. Did a late night show calling himself “Moondog” • March, 1952 held nation’s first rock concert…the “Moondog Coronation Ball” at Cleveland Arena • Gates were crashed; concert was canceled • While working in Cleveland radio, Freed coined the term "rock and roll” which was black slang for sex

25. ALAN FREED • In 1954, hired at 1010/WINS, New York • Show is called “The Big Beat” • That breaks open rock and roll to America

26. ALAN FREED • Freed’s 1st anniversary show was in New York in 1955

27. ALAN FREED • February 8, 1960 - U.S. House subcommittee begins hearings on payola; Dick Clark is exonerated; Alan Freed is indicted for taking $30-th in payola

28. AMERICAN HOT WAX The Story of Alan Freed