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35611001

????? 1. ???????????????????????????????? ????????? (Management) ??????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? (Weihrich and Koontz.1993:4) ???? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????1141

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35611001

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    1. ???????? 35611001 ???????????????????

    2. ????? 1

    5. ???????????????????????????????? ????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? (business management) ????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? (public administration) Management Resource Man (??) 4 M Money (????) Material (????????????) Method (???????) 6 M + Machine (???????????) Market (????)

    6. ???????????????????? Henry Fayol POCCC Planning ????????? Organizing ????????????? Commanding ?????????? Coordinating ???????????? Controlling ????????? Gulick & Urwick POSDCoRB Planning ????????? Organizing ????????????? Staffing ??????????? Directing ?????????? Coordinating ?????????????????? Reporting ????????? Budgeting ????????

    7. ?????????????????? ? EFFICIENCY ????????????????????? ? EFFECTIVENESS ???????????????????? ? ECONOMY ????????????????????? ? EQUITY AND JUSTICE ????????????????????????????? ? PRODUCTIVITY ???????????????? ? HONEST AND HONOUR ???????????????????

    8. ????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????????? , ????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????? : ???????? ?????????, 2533 : 22. INPUT TRANSFORMATION OUTPUT MANAGEMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS MANAGEMENT VALUE 4 M - MAN P O C C C EFFICIENCY - MONEY EFFECTIVENESS - MATERIAL P O S D CO R B ECONOMY - METHOD EQUITY and JUSTICE P O L C PRODUCTIVITY 6 M - MAN HOHEST and HONOUR - MONEY - MONEY - METHOD - MACHINE - MARKET

    9. Level of manager T o p M a n a g e r M I d d l e M a n a g e r F i r s t - l e v e l M a n a g e r

    10. Conceptual Skill ??????????????????? Managerial Human Skill ????????????????????????? Technical Skill ?????????????????? Managerial Skill vs Level of Manager Conceptual Skill Human Skill Technical Skill Top Manager Middle Manager First-level Manager

    11. ???????????????????????????????? Max Weber : ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ? ???????????????? Danial Katz & Robert Kahn : ??????? ??? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? (input)???????????????????? (transformation) ??? ?????? (output) ????? ????? : ??????? ??? ?????????????? ? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    12. ????????????????? 3 ??????????? 1. Distinet Purpose ????????????????? 2. People ????????? 2 ???????? 3. Deliberate Structure ??????????????? *** ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? *** The changing Organization

    13. 1. Tradition ??????????? 2. ??????????? - Stable - Unstable ?????????? - Infexible - Flexible ??????????? - Jop - Focused ??????? - Skill Focused ????????? - Permanent ?????????? - Team Oriented ???????????????? - Directive ??????????????????????????? - Temporary Job ????????????????????? - Command driven ?????????????? ????????? ? - 5 -9 Work day - Participative ?????????????????????????? - Directive ??????????????????????????? - Lateral Network ??????????????????? - Work on site ??????????????? - Work anywher ???????????????? - Homogenity ?????????????????? - Hierarchice?????????????????????????? - Rule Oriented ?????????????

    14. ???????????????? 1. ???????????????????????????????????????????? * Formal Organization ???????????????????? ???? ?????????????????? , ????????????????????? , ????????????????? * Informal Organization ??????????????????????? ???? ??????????? , ???????????? 2. ??????????????? * Primary Organization ?????????????? ???? ???????? * Secondary Organization ???????????????? ???? ?????? , ???????? . ??? , ??????? Question : ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?

    15. ?????????????????? Classical Approach : ????????????????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ? Scientific Management : ???????????????????????? ??? Frederick Taylor ?????????? Time and Motion Study ???????????? One best way ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? - ????????????????????????????????? - ????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????? - ??????????????????????? - ????????????????????????

    16. ? Systematic Management : ????????????????? ? Administrative Principle : ????????????? Henry Fayol ???? POCCC ??? ????????????? 14 ??? ? Bureaucracy Theory : ??????????????? ??? Max Weber ?????? - division of labor - hierarchy of authority - rules and procedure - impersonel - merit system

    17. Human Relation Approach : ??????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? The Hawthorne Study ??? Elton Mayo ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????

    18. Maslaw’s Need Theory ??? Abraham Maslow ???? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????? Self- Actualization Need Esteem Need Social Need Safety Need Physiological Need

    19. Human Relation Approach (???) Theory X Theory Y by Douglas Mc.Gregor ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? Quantitative Approach : ???????????????? ???? ?????????/??????????????????????????????????????????????????? Contingence Approach : ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???? input , transformation , output ????????????????????? ??????? (close system) ??????????? (open system)

    20. Closed System Input Transformation Output Open System Input Transformation Output Feed Back E N V I R O N M E N T

    21. ?????????????????????????????????? ????????? : Planning Koontz & O’Donnell (????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????, 2543 : 54) ????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????

    22. ???? ????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ?????? what , when , where , why , who & how ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??? 2 ???????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????

    23. ? ??????????????? ? ???????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????

    24. ? ??????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????????????

    25. ? ????????????????? ? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ? ???????????? ? ?????????????????? ? ????????????? ? ???????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????????????? ? ???????????

    26. Planning Process Situational Analysis Setting objective and plan Objective and plan evaluation Objective and plan selection Implementation Monitoring and controlling

    27. ? Type of plan ? ?????????????????? - Short-range plan ??????????? - Medium-range plan ?????????????? - Long-range plan ?????????? ? ??????????????????????????????? - Strategic plan ?????????? - Operational plan ???????????? ? ???????????????????? - Standing-use plan ?????????????? - Single-use plan ???????????????????

    28. Situational Analysis SWOT Analysis ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? S - Strength ??????? Internal Environment W - Weakness ??????? O - Opportunity ????? External Environment T - Threat ???????

    29. ???????????????? Strategy : A pattern of action and resources allocations designs to achieve the organization’s goal Strategic Planning : A set of procedure for making decisions about the organization’s long-term goals and strategies Strategic Goals : Major targets or ends results relating to the organization’s long-term survival, value and growth Tactical Planning : A set of procedures for translating broad strategic goals and plans into specific goals and plans that are relevant to distinct portion of the organization, such as a functions area like marketing Vision : A mental image of possible and desirable future state of the organization Operation Planning : The process of Identifying the specific procedure and processes required at lower level of the organization ????? Bateman &

    30. Level of Strategy Vision Mission Goal and Objective Strategy Operation Planning

    31. Operation-level strategy / functional-level strategy ?????????????????????????????? (customer value) ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? Corporation-level strategy ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? (diversification) ?????????? Horizontal diversification, Vertical diversification ??? Global diversification Business-level strategy ????????????????????????????????????????????????? International-level strategy ??????????????????????????????????????? (competitive advantage) ?????? ?????????????????????????? (government relation) competitive adventage ?????????? differentiation , quick response ??? cost leadership

    32. ????????????????? ??????????????????? 3 ????????????????? 1. ???????????????????????????????????????? (adapter and generative change) 2. ?????????????????? (organization learning) 2.1 ???????? (discovery) 2.2 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3. ????????????????????????????????? (instrumental leadership)

    33. ??????????????? ??????????? ?Growth Strategy : ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ? concentration : ???????????????????? ? vertical integration : ??????????????????????????? ? horizontal integration : ????????????????????????????? ? diversification : ?????????????????????? ? other growth strategies : ??????????????????????????????? ? Stability Strategy : ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    34. ? Retrenchment Strategy : ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????????? , ?????????? ??????????????????? ? ???????????? ? turnaround : ?????????????????????? ? harvest : ??????????????????????????? ? divestitur : ?????????????????? ? bankruptcy : ?????????????????? ? liquidation : ???????????????????????

    35. ???????????????????????? (Portfolio Strategy) ???????????????????????????-???????????? (BCG Growth-share Matrix) ? Question marks : ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? Stars : ?????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ? Cash caws : ?????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ? Dogs : ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????

    36. Organizing : ????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    37. ????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????

    38. ???????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????

    39. ??????????????????? Differentiation ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???? ??????????????????????? ???????? ?????- ????????????????? ??????????????????????????? Integration ????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????

    40. Work specialization ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Division of work / division of labor ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? Chain of command ????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ???????????????????????????????? (authority) ????????????? (responsibility) ????????????????????????? (unity of command) authority ???????????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????

    41. responsibility ????????????? ???? ????????????????????? unity of command ?????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? Span of control ???????????????????? ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????

    42. Centralization ??????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Decentralization ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????? Delegation ????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????

    43. ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ??????

    44. ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ????????? Functional Structure ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (business function)

    45. divisional structure ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    46. hybrid structure ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????????????

    47. matrix structure ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    49. Human Resource Management : ??????????????????????? STAFFING : ????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????? HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT : ??????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????

    50. ????????????????????????????? Merit System : ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? 4 ?????? ??? Equality of opportunity : ??????????????? Competence : ?????????????? Security on tennure : ?????????????? Political neutrality : ??????????????????????????? Patronage System / Spoil System : ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????????

    51. Man Power Planning Recruitment ????????????????? Job Analysis ???????????? ?????????????? Job Design Job description : J.D ?????????????????????? Job specification : J.S Selection ?????????????????? Nonplacement ??????????? ??????????? Probation ??????????? Placement evaluation ???????? Punishment ???????? Evaluation Not Good Demotion ????????? Training Transfers ?????????? Good Reward ???????????? Knowledge Attitude Skill Promotion ????????????? ????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????

    52. Man Power Planning : ???????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????? Job Analysis : J.A Job Analysis ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????? Job Design ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????? Job Specification ??????? ???? ????????????????????????????????? Job Description

    53. Recruitment : ???????? ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ????? ????????????????? ??? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????

    54. Selection : ??????????? ??? ???????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? Put the right man into the right job ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? Orientation ???? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????

    55. Probation : ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????? 3 ????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? (evaluation) ???????????????????????????????????????? (placement) ????????????????????????????? (placement) ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ( EVALUATION ) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    56. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? Transfers (??????????) ??? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? Promotion (?????????????) ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? Demotion (?????????) ??? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????

    57. TRAINING : ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 2 ?????? ??? On the job training : ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? (coaching) ??????????????????????????? Off the job training : ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????

    58. Compensation : ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? Equal pay to equal work : ??????? ???????? Fairness(????????) : to pay to work ?????????????????? : ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? Wage & Salary : ??????????????????? Wage ??????? ???? ???????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? Salary ????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????? Frings Benefits : ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????? ? ???? ?????????????? ?????

    59. Withdrawal : ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????????? ???????????????????? economic seperation ???????????????? ????????? discharge seperation ???????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????? , ?????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ? ????????

    60. ????????????????????????? 1.?????????????????????????????(Interpersonal Role) 1.1 ?????? (Figurehead) 1.2 ????? (Leader) 1.3 ???????????? (Liaison) 2.?????????????????? 2.1 ???????????? (Monitor) 2.2 ??????????????? (Disseminator) 2.3 ??????????? (Spokeperson)

    61. ????????????????????????? (???) 3.?????????????????? (Decisional Role) 3.1 ???????????? (Entrepreneur) 3.2 ??????????????????? (Disturbance Handler) 3.3 ????????????????? (Resource Allocator) 3.4 ?????????????? (Negotiator)

    62. Motivation : ???????? Motivation : ???????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????

    63. Type of Motivation : ?????????????? ??????????????????? 3 ???????????? 1. ???????????????? (Primary motive) 2. ??????????????? (general motive) 3. ???????????????? 2 (Secondary motive) 3.1 ????? (Power) 3.2 ?????????? (achievement) 3.3 ????????????? (affiliation) 3.4 ?????????? (Security) 3.5 ??????? (Status)

    64. ????????????????????????????? Content Theory Process Theory Reinforcement Theory Hierarchy of need theory Expectancy theory ERG theory theory Equity theory Acquired need theory Two-factors theory

    65. Content Theory ????????????? ??????? ??? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? Hierarchy of need theory by Abraham Madlaw ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? 5 ???? ??? ?????????????????????? , ??????????????? ??????????? , ???????????????????? , ???????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????

    66. Lower - order need ??????????????????? Physiological need ????????????????????????? Safety need ?????????????????????????? Social need ???????????????????? Higher - order need ??????????????????? Esteem need ???????????????????? Self - actualization need ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? Maslaw ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????

    67. ERG Theory by Clayton Alderfer ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ??? Alderfer ?????????????????????????????? 3 ????? ??? Existence needs ??????????????????????? related need ??????????????????????????? Growth need ????????????????????????????

    68. Acquired need theory by David McClleland ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? Need for Affiliation , nAff ????????????????????? Need for achievement , nAch ????????????????????? Need for Power , nPow ????????????????

    69. Two-factors theory by Frederick Herzberg ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ?????? ??? Hygiene factors : ???????????? / ????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????? job context ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????? Motivation factors : ??????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????? job content ???? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????? ???????

    70. Process Theory ?????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? Expectancy Theory by Victor Vroom ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????????????????

    71. Equity theory by J.S. Adam ????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????

    72. Reinforcement theory ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ?????? ??? positive reinforcement : ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????? ??????????? negative reinforcement : ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? extinction : ????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????? punishment : ???????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????

    73. LEADERSHIP : ????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    74. ?????????????? ?????????????????? - innovator - administer - an original - a copy - develop - maintain - focus on people - focus on system and structure - inspires trust - relies on control - long-range perspective - short-range view - ask what and why - ask how and when - eye on the horizon - eye on the bottom line - originate - intimate - challenge the status quo - accept the status quo - own person - classic good soldier - do the right things - do things right

    75. POWER : ????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????? Authority : ???????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? Influence : ??????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? Charisma : ????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????

    76. TYPE OF POWER : ?????????????? Position power : ?????????????????????? Legitimate power : ?????????????? Reward power : ??????????????????? Coercive power : ??????????????? Person power : ?????????????????????? Expert power : ???????????????????????????? Referent power : ????????????

    77. THEORY OF LEADERSHIP Leadership Trait Leadership Behavior Contingency Approach Approach Approach to Leadership IOWA Study Fielder’s Model Contimuum of Hersey & Blanchard leader behavior theory OIHO Study Path-Goal theory Michigan Study Leadership Grid ????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????????

    78. Leadership Trait Approach : ??????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? , ?????????????????? , ??????????????????

    79. Leadership Behavior Approach : ????????????????????????????????? IOWA Study ???????????????????????????? ???????? Robert Lippitt & Ralph K.White ?????????????????????????? 3 ??? ??? Autocratic Leader : ???????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????? Democratic Leader : ??????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? Laissez-faire Leader : ???????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????

    80. Continuum of leader behavior : ????????????????????????????????????? ??? Robert Tannenbaum & Warren H.Schmidt ?????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????? (boss-centered) ???????????????????????????????????????????? (subordinate-centered) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????

    81. OHIO Study ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 2 ??? ??? consideration : ??????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? initiating structure : ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????? MICHIGAN Study ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? 2 ??? ??? job-centered : ?????????? employee-centered : ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????

    82. Leadership Grid ?????????????????? ??? Blake & Mouton ?????????????????????????????????? 2 ??? ??? concern for people : ?????? ??? concern for production : ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? Managerial Grid ????????????????????????? 5 ??? ??? impoverished management ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? (1,1) country club management ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? (1,9) authority-obedience management / task management ??????????????? ?????????????? (9,1) organization man mangement / middle road management ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? (5,5) team management ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? (9,9)

    83. ?????? (1,9) (9,9) (5,5) (1,1) (1,9) ??????? ????????? 1 ???????????????????????? ????? : ????? ???????, 2543 : 193.

    84. Contingency Approach to Leadership : ?????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? Fielder’s Model ???????????????????????? 2 ??? ??? task-oriented ??????????????? ??? relationship-oriented ????????????????????????

    85. Hersey & Blanchard Theory ????????????????????????????? ??? Paul Hersey & Ken Blanchard ??????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? (maturity) ???????? ????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? (ability) ???? ?????? (willingness) ????????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ?????? ??? R1 ????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??? Telling ???????? R2 ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? Selling ?????????? R3 ???????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??? Participating ????????????? R4 ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? Delegating ??????????

    86. Path Goal Theory ??????????????????????? ??? Robert House ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??? ????????????? ????????????????? 4 ??? ??? directive leader ???????????????? supportive leader ?????????????????????? participative leader ????????????????????????? achievement-oriented leader ????????????????????????????????

    87. COMMUNICATION : ???????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????

    88. ????????????????????????????? 1. Communication context ????????????????? 2. Source ????????? 3. Encoding ??????????? 4. Message ??????? 5. Communication Channel ????????????????? 6. Receiver ?????????? 7. Decoding ?????????? 8. Noise ????????? 9. Feedback ?????????????? 10. Communication effect ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????? (one-way communication)?????????????????????? (two-way communication) ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 1

    89. Person A Person B Sender Communication Receiver One-way Intended meaning Channel Decoding Commu- nication Encoding Perceived meaning (receiver) (sender) Perceived meaning Commincation Intended meaning Two-way Channel Commu- Decoding Encoding nication F e e d b a c k ????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? : Thomas S.Bateman & Scott A.Snell, 1999 : 500.

    90. One-way communication : ????????????????????? A process in which information flows in only one direction from the sender to the receiver, with no feedback loop. Two-way communication : ??????????????????? A process in whick information flows in two directions-the receiver provides feedback and the sender is receptive to the feedback. ????? : Thomas S.Bateman & Scott A.Snell, 1999 : 500.

    91. Commuincation Type in Organization Downward Commincation : ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? Upward Communication : ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? Horizontal Communication : ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Cross-Channel Communication : ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????? Personal Communication : ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????? 4 ?????????????

    92. Network : ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 5 ?????? ??? wheel network : ???????????????????????????? / ???????? ?????????? 1 ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? Y network : ??????????????????????? ????????????????? 2 ???????????????????? ????????????????????????

    93. Chain network : ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? Circle network : ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? All Channel network : ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????

    94. Managing Conflict : ???????????????????? ??????????? (Conflict) ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    95. Positive Moderate Neutral levels of conflict are constructive Functional Conflict Too little or too much conflict is destructive Negative Dysfunctional Conflict Low High Intensity of Conflict ????????? 2 ?????????????????????? ????? : ????? ???????, 2543 : 298.

    96. ???????????????????? : ?????????? Intrapersonal Conflict : ??????????????????? 1. ??????????????????????????????? 2. ????????????????????????????? 3. ?????????????????????????? Interpersonal Conflict : ??????????????????????? 1. ?????????????????? 2. ???????????? 3. ??????????????????? 4. ???????????????????????

    97. ???????????????????? : (???) Intergroup Conflict : ??????????????????????? 1. ??????????????????? 2. ?????????????????????? 3. ?????????????????????? 4. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? Structural Conflict : ???????????????????? 1. ??????????????????????????????? 2. ????????????????????? 3. ??????????????????? 4. ???????????????????????????????????

    98. High Accommodation or Smoothing Collaboration or Problem Solving Degree of Compromise Cooperativeness Avoidance Competition or Authoritative Command Degree of Assertiveness Low ????????? 3 ??????????????????????? ????? : ????? ???????, 2543 : 308.

    99. ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 5 ??? ??? Avoidance ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? lose-lose Accommodation ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? lose-lose Compromise ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? lose-lose

    100. ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 5 ??? ???(???) Competition ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? win-lose Collaboration ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? win-win

    101. Controlling : ????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????

    102. Controlling Process : ???????????????????? Setting performance standard : ???????????????????????????? standard ??????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Measuring performance : ????????????????????? Comparing performance with the standard : ????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Taking the corrective action : ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????

    103. Setting performance standard Measuring performance Comparing performance with the standard Taking the corrective action problem situation opportunity situation ????????? 1 ???????????????????

    104. Type of controlling : ?????????????????? Feedforward controll ????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????????????? Concurrent controll / Steering control ???????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? direct supervision ????????????????????????????????? Postaction controll / Feedback control ????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????

    105. ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????????????????????? 4 ?????? ??? Quality control : ??????????????? Quantity control : ??????????????? Time control : ????????????? Cost control : ???????????????

    106. ?????????????????? Information control ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????? MIS : management information system ???????????????????????????????????? Operation control ????????????????????? cost control ??????????????? purchasing control ??????????????????? maintenance control ?????????????????????? quality control ??????????????? just in time ?????????????????????????????????????

    107. Financial control ??????????????????? budget ???????? financial ratio ??????????????????? Behavior Control ????????????????? direct supervision ??????????????? ????????????????????????? management by walking around performance appraisal ????????????????????????? substitutes for direct supervision ??????????????????????? discipline ????????????

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