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offshore drilling

dunya hayder

Dunya1
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offshore drilling

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  1. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION EDUCATION  UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD THE REPORT OFFSHORE DRILLING

  2. CONTENTS 1_INTRODUCTION 2_A BRIEF HISTORY OF OFFSHORE DRILLING 3_Definition of well drilling 4_WELLS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 5_STAGES OF WELL DRILLING 6_OFFSHORE DRILLING PLATFORMS 7_DRILLING EQUIPMENT IN THE OFFSHORE DRILLING RIG 8_DEFINITION OF THE CEMENTING PROCESS 9_Definition of the riser 10_Challenges facing drilling and production from marine water wells

  3. INTRODUCTION Offshore drilling is a mechanical process in which a borehole is drilled beneath the seabed. It is usually conducted in order to explore and extract petroleum found in rock formations under the sea floor. The term is most commonly used to describe drilling activities on the continental shelf, although the term can also be applied to drilling in lakes, coastal waters, and seas. the interior The Middle East area and China are said to have had wells producing water or natural gas even in the era before Christ. By the year 1200, wells 450 m deep were drilled in China by a spring-pole drilling method. The principle of the method is to generate percussion by dropping heavy tools on the bottom of the hole. The spring-pole drilling method was the predecessor of a cable drilling method that had been used till after 1970s

  4. INTRODUCTION the first offshore well: the submersible rig in 1949, the ship-shaped rig in 1953, the jack- up rig in 1954, and the semisubmersible rig in 1962. Drill ships and semisubmersible rigs are called floaters. These structures float during operations. Floaters are equipped with unique facilities that are not used in onshore operations: the marine riser, the motion compensation, and the stationkeeping system. The dynamic positioning system (DPS) was introduced for deep-sea operations in 1961. The scientific research well “SG-3” in Russia reached the depth of 12 263 m in 1988, and has had the depth record ever since. The deepest exploration drilling for hydrocarbons was carried out to the depth of 9583 m in the United States of America in 1974. As for offshore wells, a hydrocarbon exploration well was drilled offshore Brazil in 2965 m of water in 2001. A production well was completed with a subsea completion system offshore Brazil in 1852 m of water in 1998. The offshore technology is steadily in progress toward deeper and deeper seas to search and produce subsea resources for the future welfare of the world.

  5. A BRIEF HISTORY OF OFFSHORE DRILLING Around 1891, the first submerged oil wells were drilled from platforms built on piles in the fresh waters of the Grand Lake St. Marys (a.k.a. Mercer County Reservoir) in Ohio. The wells were developed by small local companies such as Bryson, Riley Oil, German-American, and Banker’s Oil. Around 1896, the first submerged oil wells in salt water were drilled in the portion of the Summerland field extending under the Santa Barbara Channel in California. The wells were drilled from piers extending from land out into the channel. Other notable early submerged drilling activities occurred on the Canadian side of Lake Erie in the 1900s and Caddo Lake in Louisiana in the 1910s. Shortly thereafter wells were drilled in tidal zones along the Texas and Louisiana gulf coast. The Goose Creek Oil Field near Baytown, Texas is one such example. In the 1920’s drilling activities occurred from concrete platforms in Venezuela’s Lake Maracaibo. In the early 1930s, the Texas Co., later Texaco (now Chevron) developed the first mobile steel barges for drilling in the brackish coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico.

  6. A BRIEF HISTORY OF OFFSHORE DRILLING The first purpose built drilling semi-submersible Ocean Driller was launched in 1963. Since then, many semi-submersibles have been purpose-designed for the drilling industry mobile offshore fleet.        The first offshore drillship was the CUSS 1 developed for the Mohole project to drill into the earth’s crust. As of June, 2010, there were over 620 mobile offshore drilling rigs (Jackups, semisubs, drillships, barges) available for service in the competitive rig fleet. The world’s deepest platform is currently the Perdido Spar in the Gulf of Mexico, floating in 2,438 meters of water. It is operated by Royal Dutch Shell and was built at a cost of $3 billion.

  7. Definition of well drilling Mauris vel congue magna. Maecenas tempus ipsum non lectus cursus porta. Sed congue augue ornare velit tempor fermentum. In neque erat, consequat quis tincidunt vitae, ullamcorper eget felis. Donec dignissim quam sed vestibulum consectetur. Integer sit amet magna eget nisl dictum fermentum. Nunc congue dui ut nulla vehicula, in semper dui rhoncus. Vestibulum pharetra felis dolor, eget tempus purus consectetur at.

  8. WELLS  ARE  CLASSIFIED INTO:- 1- Fresh and salt water wells  2- Oil and gas wells  3- Wells. for geological research  4- Injection wells to increase oil yield

  9. FILMMAKERS HUB The task of this stage: 1. Close the surface layers that could cause drilling fluid leakage 2- Preserving the wellhead and the cement bases from the erosion of the topsoil and from being constantly affected by a liquid drilling. 3. Maintaining the stability of the walls of the well up to the depth to which it descends. 4. It ensures the rise of the drilling fluid leaving the well to a height close to the level of the capillary table, where Running freely into the lockers Our Jury is comprised of some of the world’s most creative and innovative film-makers. We are interested in films that are bold and uncensored, films that invite us into your world, that will shock us, madden us, make us cry and laugh. Award categories include: 1. Pilot stage: As a first step, a square-shaped hole is digging with a side length of 0.1-0.8 m and a depth of 3-6 m. A casing pipe with a large diameter ranging from (500-600 mm) is lowered into the hole. The head of this pipe is raised from the surface The land is about (2.5- 1.5m) GRAB YOUR TICKETS

  10. FILMMAKERS HUB 2. The surface stage: in this stage, the surface layers that cannot contain any hydrocarbons are drilled, and the surface casing pipes are the first Our Jury is comprised of some of the world’s most creative and innovative film-makers. We are interested in films that are bold and uncensored, films that invite us into your world, that will shock us, madden us, make us cry and laugh. Award categories include: group that compulsorily descends into the well, which must be well supported (fully cemented), and they constitute the basic substrate. in the construction of the well, You must fulfill the following functions:  1- To prevent the cost of weak layers that can be encountered at shallow depths. These pipes must be fixed in a hard layer (such as hard limestone), and this protects the layers at the shoes of the casing pipes from cracking at the high hydrostatic pressures encountered during  drilling. 2- Isolate the incoherent surface layers, and the layers that lead to the smuggling of drilling fluids. 3- Protect the surface layers bearing fresh water and prevent contamination with drilling fluid. 4- It forms a base for installing blowout prevention devices on the wellhead.   The depth of unloading surface casing pipes varies greatly, and is determined so that they GRAB YOUR TICKETS descend before reaching any reservoir layer for hydrocarbon compounds, and the depth of

  11. STAGES OF WELL DRILLING 3. Intermediate stage: the intermediate casing pipes, also known as protection pipes, descend to the beginning or end of the layers with high stratigraphic pressures, in order to protect the surface phase casing pipes from exposure to high stratigraphic pressures during drilling of the layers containing oil and gas, or to isolate the layers that lead to severe smuggling For drilling fluid, or those that are strongly affected by drilling fluid (saline layers, Shale layers), that is, the goal of lowering them is to allow the drilling of the well to continue, by isolating all the weak layers, which  It can cause cavitation of the well walls, or leakage of drilling fluid. Typically the depth of landing of the intermediate casing pipes ranges (8000 - 3000 .ft), and the diameter ranges from (13 3/8" - 7 5/8"), but the most common diameters for these pipes are:  ("13 3/8" or "5/8")

  12. STAGES OF WELL DRILLING 4. The production stage: a final final set of packaging pipes, which usually fall until the end of the produced class, and can be down to the beginning of the producing class and drops this stage to isolate the other layers of the produced class, and ensures pressure control within the coup 5. Wasted packing tubes: It is a group of casing pipes that do not reach the surface (their length is less than the depth of the well) and the lost casing pipes are suspended by suitable suspension devices inside the casing pipes of the previous stage

  13. WELLS  ARE  CLASSIFIED INTO:- They are divided into: 1_ Artificial drilling islands: The artificial islands formed the second step after extending the continental shelf and constructing roads inside the sea to exploit hydrocarbon compounds from areas flooded with surface water. The islands are established in areas with less water thickness, and pebbles and sand can be used on the seabed from the areas close to the place where the island is built, in addition to the large blocks of rock that are brought from the land by special transport ships. These islands are currently relied on in the polar regions, especially in the northern coasts. For Canada, where offshore platforms cannot be used due to avalanches and continuous snow currents. The establishment of such islands takes a great deal of time, as they are initially raised above the surface of the water by about six feet (1.8 m) and left to be exposed to a full winter season to determine the extent of their resistance. Its height above sea level is mostly about fifteen feet (4.57 m), and after the completion of the construction of the island, it is drilled in exactly the same way as is done on land, except that the wells are directed to cover the largest possible area of the reservoir. The costs of establishing artificial islands are exorbitant. It may very well outweigh the costs of a fixed offshore drilling rig. 21:53

  14. WELLS  ARE  CLASSIFIED INTO:- They are divided into: 2_Fixed offshore platforms are used in areas with a small thickness of water. These platforms are considered the most widespread in offshore drilling, especially in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Arabian Gulf. They are used as drilling platforms at the beginning and then as production platforms to invest the reservoir later. The fixed platforms can remain in their location after the completion of drilling and used as production bases, whereby offshore exploration drilling is carried out by mobile platforms and after determining the dimensions of the reservoir and its oil and gas reserves, one or more fixed platforms are installed, and a series of directed wells are drilled on the surface of each platform. The number is up to (35) wells from one platform, so that a network of wells is distributed to cover the entire surface of the discovered reservoir, and two drilling rigs can work as one on the offshore platform.

  15. OTHER TYPES OF PLATFORMS 6) Mast, 7,8) Semi-submersible, 9) Floating Production, Storage and Unloading Facility, 10) Submersible Supplied with a connecting rope. 1,2) Partial-Mounted Platforms, 3) Compliant Tower, 4,5) Vertical-Mounted Tensioning Legged Platform with Short Tension Legs,

  16. DRILLING EQUIPMENT IN THE OFFSHORE DRILLING RIG Our Jury is comprised of some of the world’s most creative and innovative film-makers. We are interested in films that are bold and uncensored, films that invite us into your world, that will shock us, madden us, make us cry and laugh. Award categories include:  The drilling rigs that are used in offshore drilling are generally similar to drilling on land to some extent, knowing that the latest drilling technologies are used in offshore drilling,  and drilling units on offshore platforms are distinguished by their weight The high voltage and large operating capacity, and diesel engines constitute a unit for power generation. The transmission of electrical energy between generators and receivers is either alternating or direct current, feeding the motors of the main executing devices (drilling fluid pumps, lifting and lowering group, rotating group of drilling pipes group) so it is a direct current and the rest Auxiliary devices Equipment for cleaning and preparing drilling fluids, winches...) are alternating current GRAB YOUR TICKETS

  17. DEFINITION OF THE CEMENTING PROCESS:  It is the process of pumping the cement fluid (water + cement) from inside the casing pipes and then displacing it into the annular space, meaning that we cement replace the drilling fluid in the annular space (completely or partially) with a cement fluid that solidifies after a certain period of time which is A problem around the packing pipes, the so-called cement stone, from the shoe of the packing pipes up to a certain height. The importance of the cementing process : The importance of the cementing process can be summarized in the following points 1_ Isolating the geological layers where the cementing processes isolate the geological layers from each other and it is the most important function of the cementing operations It prevents mixing of the fluids in it and not moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, and it achieves good insulation for the layers produced from the rest of the other layers, which makes it easier to invest them in 2_ stages. Or it remained behind the casing pipes or by the action of the acidic stratigraphic sites (-So + -, CoCo2, N03) 3_ Removing the impact of the drilling fluid or the loss of leaching from the rock layers: live The cement operations remove the impact of the drilling fluid or the loss of filtration from the layers whose stability is affected by water (clay, salt). Thus, the cement operations stabilize these layers and prevent them from collapsing and thus protect the packaging pipes from the external pressure resulting from the demolition and the negative effects that may follow + install the packaging pipes And strengthening it by forming a resistance bond between the outer surface of the pipes and the rock walls of the cement well

  18. Definition of the riser Definition of the riser pipe: The rising marine drilling pipe is the connecting link between the platform and the wellhead, and it secures a way for fluids to pass to and from the platform (drilling fluids, cement fluids, oil...) and to lower and direct all the equipment and equipment to the well, and it is one of the most important drilling equipment and marine production. The riser pipe in the fixed platforms constitutes an extension of the well casing pipes and extends to reach the surface of the platform, and it is the connecting link between the set of impedances at the bottom and the drilling ship The tasks of the rising pipe: 1 Forming a channel to deliver drilling fluid to the surface of the platform. 2. Forming a path for a group of drilling pipes and casing pipes to take to the inside of the well. 3 Protect the drilling pipes from direct contact with sea water + the rising pipe plays a role in damping the movement of the vertical platform and this is done considering that the well head after its cementation becomes the fixed point in the system, and after connecting the rising pipe to the power of the well, the rising pipe is connected to the bottom of the telescopic connection with a set of cables, which It connects with the surface of the platform and ends with huge cylinders (dampers), and thus the rising pipe provides a means to dampen the vertical movements of the platform

  19. Challenges facing drilling and production from marine water wells 1_ The cost of drilling, equipment and installations for deep water. 2_ The distance of production areas from the reception or treatment areas. 3_ Undersea installations that are made without direct human intervention “shallow water in which” diving can be used . 4_ Control of wells by remote control After. 5_ Intervention, maintenance, repair and engineering inspection. 6_ Environmental factors and weather conditions. 7_ Liquidity obstacles inside production lines “hydrate, wax, water accumulations inside pipes”

  20. reference https://emufeed.com/index.php/ar/article/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA %D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A8_% D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8 %AD%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA https://www.offshore-energy.biz/offshore-drilling-history-and-overview/ http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai112_folder/112_articles/112_chro nology.html https://web.archive.org/web/20190620140120/https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/e xplorations/06mexico/background/oil/media/types_600.html

  21. THANK YOU

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