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The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750

If they desire that Piety and godliness should prosper…let them choose a country such as this is; which may yield sufficiency with hard labour and industry. The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750. The Chesapeake Colonies. Maryland:

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The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750

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  1. If they desire that Piety and godliness should prosper…let them choose a country such as this is; which may yield sufficiency with hard labour and industry The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire1607-1750

  2. The Chesapeake Colonies Maryland: • Founded with the idea that it would be a haven for Catholics • Act of Toleration passed in 1649, only for Christians • A later protestant revolt resulted in the repeal of the Act. Virginia: • Bacon’s Rebellion • Highlighted sharp differences between rich and poor • Also highlighted colonial resistance to royal control • Economic Problems • Low tobacco prices • Better economic times in England led to a decrease in available indentured servants • This leads to the growth of slavery

  3. The New England Colonies Rhode Island • Founded by Roger Williams as a haven for religious tolerance • Anne Hutchison also founded a colony in Rhode Island that espoused antinomianism, the belief that faith alone is enough for salvation Connecticut • The first constitution in America was drawn up by those in Conn. • The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut established a representative gov. • It’s royal charter allowed them the freedom to choose their own governor

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  5. The New England Colonies The Halfway Covenant: • The weakening of Puritan control led them to adopt the Halfway Covenant (1662) • People could become members of the church w/o making a full declaration of their belief in Christ • This was generally adopted because of the lessening interest of the colonial-born population in religious matters King Phillips’ War: • The New England Confederation fought a vicious war against, Metacom, who had united the tribes in and around New England • The colonists eventually prevailed and this was the last significant challenge posed by the N.A. in New England

  6. Mercantilism: • The economic system of the colonial period • The colonies provided raw materials for British production • The British would manufacture goods and send them back to the colonies and around the world • This system allowed the British to accumulate vast wealth • The Acts of Trade and Navigation • Colonial ships could only trade with the British • All imports into colonial America had to travel through British ports on British ships • Certain goods could be exported to England ONLY

  7. Mercantilism: Positives: • NE shipbuilding • Tobacco monopoly • English military protection Negatives: • No manufacturing • Farmers receive low prices • High prices for manufactured goods Salutary Neglect: • The British government was very lax in enforcing the Navigation Acts • This, along with the tacit British approval of colonial self-governance was known as salutary neglect

  8. Triangular Trade • Triangular trade developed between England, Africa and the New World

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  10. The American is a new man, who acts on new principles… Colonial Society in the 18th Century

  11. Immigration European: • English • Puritan: North • Anglican: South • German • Pennsylvania • Scotch-Irish • Frontier portions Africans: • Largest population of immigrants • 90% lived in southern colonies • Africans made up 20% of colonial population

  12. Colonial Social Structure Some commonalities among all three: • Dominance of English Culture • Self-government • Religious toleration • No aristocracy • Social mobility-more in the North than in the south

  13. Colonial Economies New England: • Largely dependent on shipbuilding and trade Middle Colonies: • Farming and light industry (iron-making) dominated Southern Colonies: • Cash crops for export dominate the economy, tobacco, rice, indigo

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  15. The Great Awakening • As colonial America developed, much of the original religious fervor had died • A movement swept across the colonies in the early 1700’s called the Great Awakening • It was a revival of the religious ideals that had been the foundation of America • It was led by “fire and brimstone” preachers like George Whitefield and Jonathon Edwards • Church services became more emotional and pastors actually lost control of some of their parishes as individuals become more apt to study the bible in their homes • Significantly, this was the first truly AMERICAN movement. It was not borrowed from Europe.

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