Models and Tools Capabilities Developed in version 2.0 and 3.0 Mike Saavedra M&T Lead Engineer

1. Models and Tools Capabilities Developed in version 2.0 and 3.0Mike SaavedraM&T Lead Engineer

2. Capabilities Overview The Models and Tools task order develops capabilities in the following areas in order to achieve Modeling and Simulation objectives. • Conceptual Modeling and Knowledge Engineering • Behavior Modeling • Physical Modeling • Tools (MCT, composer tools, etc) • Infrastructures and Modeling Frameworks • Entity and Unit representations • C4I message representations

3. OneSAFModels And Tools Version 2.0

4. Automated Behaviors Dynamic side change This automated behavior allows for an entity to change its side affiliation to a different side based on time expiration or number of detonations within a specified amount of time. Respond to Aerial Threat This reactive behavior is employed by rotary-winged aircraft to react to the perception of a threat aircraft (either rotary- or fixed-wing). It is not intended to represent a sophisticated, comprehensive, dog-fighting capability; instead, it is a rudimentary "fight or flee" approach. Shoot Within Subterranean Feature This capability allows for engagements between entities within subterranean features such as tunnels or basements.

5. Orderable BehaviorsUnconventional Warfare Emplace controlled minefields This behavior is employed by unconventional forces to emplace a controlled minefield. The mines used to create a controlled minefield are initially conventional mines, but are converted by the installation of a conversion kit. Such a minefield may be armed or disarmed by means of a simulated control device. When armed, a controlled minefield behaves in precisely the same way that a conventional minefield does. When disarmed, a controlled minefield is incapable of causing damage to platforms or injury to humans. Monitor controlled minefields This behavior is employed by unconventional forces to monitor a previously emplaced controlled minefield. Such a minefield may be armed or disarmed by means of a simulated control device. When armed, a controlled minefield behaves in precisely the same way that a conventional minefield does. When disarmed, a controlled minefield is incapable of causing damage to platforms or injury to humans. Conduct Assassination The Conduct Assassination capability provides the ability of precise killing of entities usually a political figure or other strategically important individual. The behavior also offers the modeling of “unconventional” weapons such as knives to be modeled as a supply items that the behavior will recognize as having lethal effects. Conduct Hijacking This behavior provides a capability for targeting of entities for hijacking. The anticipated use case concerns situations where a focused effort to seize control of another entity is required. The central effect of a hijacking is to transfer the side affiliation of a platform (not a lifeform) from one side to another. An implication of this is that entities from one side cannot hijack entities from the same side. RPG and Rockets in the Indirect Fire Mode This behavior provides for the non-standard employment of weapons in the indirect fire mode. The intended use case is to provide a means for unconventional forces to deliver munitions such as the RPG that are designed for direct fire use in a manner that permits the munition to clear intervening crests given a suitable initial location. The initial data supporting this capability is appropriate to stimulate training, but not analytic use cases.

6. Orderable BehaviorsSecurity Operations Conduct Screen and Guard ScreenandGuard missions are security operations performed by units. A Screen provides early warning to the protected force. The purpose of a Guard is to protect a supported unit by fighting, while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy ground observation of, and direct fire against the main body. Conduct Checkpoint Operations The Conduct Checkpoint behavior will monitor and control movement of non-hostile entities entering a marshalling area. These entities will be called into a search area and "inspected". After a data driven duration, the actual affiliation of the entity is revealed. Based on this affiliation, the entity is either told to pass through the checkpoint, turn around, or detained. In the event that the Search Force is attacked by enemy, the Reaction Force reacts and supports the Search Force with direct fire. Conduct Perimeter Security Perimeter Security is a defensive activity that employs either static (observation post), or roving (security zone) security forces. An ordered unit moves to designated guard location(s) in relation to a protected area and establishes either a static observation post Guard Force, or traverses a route. When specified, a Reaction Force responds to detection of hostile forces by the Guard Force.

7. Orderable BehaviorsLogistics/CSS Conduct Aerial Delivery Conduct Aerial Delivery addresses the internal and external aerial delivery of cargo. This behavior assumes that cargo has been previously prepared for loading. This behavior makes no distinction between loads that have been prepared for internal versus external loading; any load that has been prepared is a candidate for movement by this behavior. Supporting aircraft move to the load location and determine the number of lifts based on aircraft maximum cargo cube and weight relative to staged cargo loads present. Cargo is delivered to the delivery zone, and distributed. The number of lifts needed to deliver all supplies is determined by the number of prepared loads, and the capabilities of the delivery aircraft. Prepare For Aerial Delivery The Prepare for Aerial Delivery behavior addresses the preparation of cargo for delivery of the required conditions of external and internal air delivery. The aerial delivery will allow for supplies and equipment to be transported by fixed and rotary wing aircrafts. Conduct Aerial Refueling The Conduct Aerial Refueling behavior performs mid-air refueling of both FWA (Fixed-Wing Aircraft) and RWA (Rotary-Wing aircraft). Aircraft requiring refueling will fly close to a tanker plane that is flying a circuitous route at a steady speed and altitude. Field/Sustainment Maintenance and Repair Modified existing behavioral/modeling capability to utilize new terminology used for conducting vehicle repair. The old terminology was a three-part system, where the three types of repair are Organization, Direct Support, and General Support. The new system involves only two types of repair: Field and Sustainment.

8. Orderable BehaviorsNBC/CBRN Perform Immediate Decontamination Immediate decontamination is an individual and crew task performed with organic supply items and equipment to decontaminate skin and vehicles. Units and entities ordered to perform this behavior consume supplies regardless of whether or not they are contaminated. Setup Decontamination Site Setup Decontamination Site is a behavior that prepares a site for the operational decontamination. The Setup Decontamination Site behavior sets up MOPP Gear Exchange Area(s) and/or Vehicle Washdown Area(s) with cache(s) containing the required supplies for conducting the Perform Operational Decontamination behavior. Perform Operational Decontamination Perform Operational Decontamination is a behavior that is executed after the Setup Decontamination Site behavior. The Perform Operational Decontamination behavior uses the MOPP Gear Exchange Area(s) and/or Vehicle Washdown Area(s) with cache(s) which were prepared by the Setup Decontamination Site behavior. These cache(s) may or may not contain all of the supplies needed to perform Operational Decontamination. This behavior also uses a Marshalling Area, which is where units and/or entities wait to be operationally decontaminated, as well as an Assembly Area, which is the rally point for entities that have been decontaminated. Conduct NBC Reconnaissance NBC reconnaissance is the examination of points, routes and areas, on the ground and in the air, for the presence of contaminants. (This behavior currently supports chemical detection only.) If required, the recon element may perform a survey to explore the areas surrounding a discovered contaminated point, so that higher authority may determine the boundaries of the contamination. An NBC survey is a directed effort to obtain information concerning a contaminated area.

9. Orderable Behaviors Maneuver Conduct Combined Arms Breach Breaching operations are conducted to allow maneuver despite the presence of obstacles. Obstacle breaching is the employment of a combination of tactics to advance an attacking force to the far side of an obstacle that is covered by fire. Commanders may task organize available forces in order to secure the breach lane, physically reduce the obstacle, and finally move through the breach and assault the far side of the obstacle. A typical task organization includes support, breach, and assault forces. The breach force includes engineers, reduction assets, and enough maneuver forces to provide additional suppression and local security. The breach force may be comprised of two subordinate forces: security and reduction. Employ Combined Arms for Air Defense The Employ Combined Arms for Air Defense behavior is intended for infantry units that lack dedicated air defense assets. It is issued when the situation indicates that enemy aircraft arrival in an area is imminent. The user may order this behavior to the following echelons: Fire Team, Squad, Platoon, and Company. The first entity within the unit that detects an incoming hostile Rotary Wing Aircraft (RWA) informs all other entities within the unit so that they will reorient and then target the RWA if possible. Upon sighting the enemy RWA, the unit sends a SPOTREP to its immediate higher headquarters. This behavior continues until interrupted or overridden by another behavior. Other Man-made illumination This behavior to allows the user to turn on/off man made illumination sources, both point and area (roadway lighting, mall parking lot, perimeter lighting).

10. Physical Modeling Standard Mobility Model Level 2 • Developed the AMSAA/ERDC Medium Resolution Mobility Model Target Acquisition (ACQUIRE Model) enhancements • Implemented AMSAA updates to Acquire that include: • 3 Draw Methodology • Direct vision optics data changes • Update to AMSAA native data formats • IMINT/SIGINT Sensor • Updates to Acquire for support of TV type sensors • Created new TV sensor component compositions Air to Ground Weapons • AMSAA model for Delivery Accuracy and Vulnerability • FWA against ground individual combatant/dismounted infantry • Model based on efforts and data from AMSAA and US Air Force Communications Model • Developed new AMSAA comms models. • Based on TIREM (Terrain Integrated Rough Earth Model)

11. Infrastructure and Tools • Data Collection and Causal Analysis • CSV Output • Multi-node output (simcore) • Data Collection from models, behaviors, agents, and frameworks • Kill-chain • Tools • MCT Overlay Management • MCT NBC Contamination representation • Entity and Unit Compositions • Ranger Regiment • Battlefield Surveillance Brigade • Special Forces Group • Russian Mechanized Division HQ • C4I Messages • NBC 4 • NBC 5

12. OneSAFModels And Tools Version 3.0

13. Behaviors(Orderable and Automated) Explosives and IEDs Provide EOD Support This behavior provides for the disposal of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) by relocation, explosively, and with direct fire. Presently, OneSAF represents UXO hazards as improvised explosive devices (IED). Employ Working Dogs - Detect Explosives This behavior employs a Military Working Dog (MWD) team to detect explosives at a point, along a route, or within the boundaries of an area. Defeat Detected IEDs This capability provides for the defeat of detected explosive devices. This is not an orderable behavior, but rather a persistent capability to dispose of detected explosive devices mechanically, explosively, and with direct fire. Employ IED Detectors This behavior employs man portable and vehicle mounted systems to detect explosive devices at points, along routes, and within areas. The nomenclature of the recon “target” is used to include all three possibilities. Emplace Explosives (IEDs) This behavior simulates the emplacement of explosives, including conventional and improvised explosive devices (IED). The different ways this behavior is employed are distinguished by the characteristics of the device that is emplaced. This capability will allow the emplacement of one or more explosive devices, each consisting of one or more munitions. Each emplaced device has a single detonator.

14. Behaviors(Orderable and Automated) Aviation Aircraft React to Low Fuel (Reaction) This capability provides for the reaction of aircraft to low fuel conditions in flight. It is applicable to rotary-wing aircraft (RWA) and fixed-wing aircraft (FWA). Upon detection of a low fuel condition, aircraft abort the current mission and proceed to a refuel point if one is available within existing fuel constraints, and sufficiently distant from known enemy locations. Conduct Forward Arming and Refueling Point (FARP) Operations This capability re-supplies entities with fuel and munitions in the manner of a Forward Arming and Refueling Point (FARP). Entities are provided with fuel and munitions needed to replenish their combat loads, as permitted by available supplies. The combat load may be configured at runtime and during scenario development. Setup Forward Arming and Refueling Point (FARP) This capability provides for the placement of fuel and munitions caches in a manner that is suitable for subsequent use in Forward Arming and Refueling Point (FARP) operations. Discharge passengers from aircraft This capability provides a means to discharge passengers from an aircraft. The typical use case involves an aircraft that is in flight when the order to discharge is received. Rappel, fast-rope, low-level, ground level, and parachute discharge modes are supported. The ability to discharge passengers using a particular mode is dependent on the type of aircraft, e.g. only certain types of aircraft are capable of discharging passengers by parachute.

15. Physical Modeling 1/3 Loading AMSAA Physical Performance Data • Physical Models step-up to read native Standard File Format (SFF) 4.0. Target Acquisition • AMSAA ACQUIRE Model enhancements • SFF (Standard File Format) support • Contrast, N50, Dimensions • Native AMSAA APEDS data formats supported • TTP (Targeting Task Performance) • RSTA Sensor Model updates (AMSAA data) Ground Penetrating Radar • AMSAA model providing the capability for detection of underground targets using a radar sensor. Canine Mobility Model • Capability for modeling the mobility of canine entities. Model is based on the life-form mobility model.

16. Physical Modeling 2/3 FWA/RWA Mobility Model • Medium fidelity capability modeling the activities of takeoff, landing, hovering, and loitering. Effects related to the following influences are provided for: • The influence of “ground effect,” pressure altitude, temperature, and weight in the computation of torque required to take off and hover. • The effects of terrain on landing and takeoff. Canine Olfactory (Nose) Sensor • AMSAA model providing the capability for detection of explosive chemical agents. Intended for use with MWD (Military Working Dogs). Visual Detection of IEDs • AMSAA model providing the capability for visual detection of IEDs. Based on the ACQUIRE methodology, utilizing an IED as a target. Chlorate/Nitrate Sensor Model • AMSAA model providing the capability for detecting the presence of nitrate or chlorate chemicals within an air or particle sample. Combined Effects of IEDs Model • Developed new AMSAA comms models.

17. Physical Modeling 3/3 Entity Thermal Signature Model • Thermal signature model, used for designating signatures of decoy entities. Electronic Countermeasures of varying bandwidth Model • Provides a countermeasure jamming capability which operates at varying discreet frequencies. Directed Energy Device Model • Provides capability for render safe operation of IEDs, and pre-detonate command detonated or explosive/electronically primed IEDs. RF (Radio Frequency, non comms) IED Trigger Model • Provides capability for triggering IEDs from radio frequency sources that are not used for voice communications.

18. Infrastructure and Tools • Actor Attribute Manager • The Actor Attribute Manager (AAM) offers a graphical user interface and associated data storage that allows for the persistent representation of arbitrary mappings of actor-to-(attribute, value) ordered pairs. Attributes and values are sequences of characters that are interpreted by human operators and programmatic components (e.g. agents, behaviors, and models). • Data Collection/Causal Analysis • Merging of collected output data from multiple simCores. • Enhanced Data Filters • Tools • MCT MSDL import (Task Org from ABCS) • MCT IED Detection representations • Federate/Inter-operate with JDLM (ERF) • Firepower Allocation Enahcements • Entity and Unit Compositions • RG31 - AN/PSS-14s GPR • Meercat - GSTMIDS/IVMMD • Buffalo - Long Range Scout Surveillance System • Working Dogs • FCS (Future Combat System) • Capability development of MGV (Manned Ground Vehicles) platforms.