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Pressure Sore Prevention

This powerpoint was created to educate patients about pressure sores, how the develop, how they are treated, and what they can do to prevent them from forming.

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Pressure Sore Prevention

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  1. How to prevent pressure sores By: Jalynn Smithmyer

  2. What is a Pressure Sore? • Injury to the skin or underlying tissue • Can result from prolonged pressure • Most common on bony prominences • Heels, ankles, hips, and tailbone

  3. Different stages • Deep tissue injury • Stage 1 • Defined, intact skin, feels form or boggy • Stage 2 • Partial thickness skin loss • Looks like blister or shallow crater • Involves the epidermis, dermis, or both • Stage 3 • Full thickness skin loss • Damage to, or necrosis of, subcutaneous tissue and underlying fascia • Stage 4 • Full thickness skin loss • Damage and necrosis to muscle, bones, or supporting structures • Eschar • Thick dry clack necrotic tissue - unstageable

  4. Pressure ulcer stages

  5. What causes them? • Sustained pressure • Such as the skin resting on a bed or wheelchair • Friction • Any resistance to motion • If the skin is dragged over a surface • Shear • Sliding down in the bed

  6. Risk factors • General immobility • Hard to prevent • Age • Skin becomes more fragile with age • Lack of sensory perception • Inability to feel pain and discomfort • Weight loss • Less cushioning • Poor nutrition/hydration • Excess moisture or dryness • Incontinence

  7. Risk factors cont.. • Conditions affecting blood flow • diabetes and vascular disease • Smoking • Reduces blood flow and oxygen in blood • Develop more severe wounds • Limited alertness • Struggle with preventative actions • Muscle spasms • Suffer from friction and shear often

  8. Complications • Sepsis • Bacteria in the bloodstream • Cellulitis • Infection of the skin • Bone and joint infection • Septic arthritis • Damage to cartilage and tissue • Osteomyelitis • Reduce function of joints and limbs • cancer

  9. Treatment • Reduce pressure • Clean and dress wound • Remove damaged tissue • Pain management • Antibiotics • Healthy diet • Negative pressure therapy • Surgery

  10. Negative pressure therapy • Applies suction to clean wound

  11. How to prevent pressure sores • Repositioning in a wheelchair • Shift your weight frequently • Lift yourself, if possible • Look into a specialty wheelchair • Choose a cushion that relieves pressure • Foam, gel, water filled, and air filled

  12. How to prevent pressure sores cont. • Repositioning in bed • Reposition self frequently • Reposition devices • Specialized mattresses • Adjust the elevation of the bed • Use a cushion to protect bony areas

  13. How to prevent pressure sores cont. • Skin care • Clean any affected skin • Protect the skin • Look of your body daily • Manage incontinence to keep the skin dry

  14. How to prevent pressure sores cont. • Nutrition • Choose a healthy diet • Drink enough water to keep the skin hydrated • Ask for help if eating is difficult • Other • Quite smoking • Stay active

  15. Reference • emedicine.medscape.com • miter.mit.edu • www.drthindhomeopathy.com • www.organicconsumers.org • http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bedsores/basics/prevention/con-20030848 • woundconsultant.com/sitebuilder/staging.pdf • www.nursinghomeabusecenter.org

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