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The Project to Educate Physicians on End-of-life Care Supported by the American Medical Association and the Robert Wood

The Project to Educate Physicians on End-of-life Care Supported by the American Medical Association and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Whole Patient Assessment. Module 3. disease history physical symptoms psychological symptoms decision-making capacity. information sharing social

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The Project to Educate Physicians on End-of-life Care Supported by the American Medical Association and the Robert Wood

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  1. The Project to Educate Physicians on End-of-life CareSupported by the American Medical Association andthe Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Whole Patient Assessment Module 3

  2. disease history physical symptoms psychological symptoms decision-making capacity information sharing social spiritual practical anticipatory planning for death Objectives • Know how to identify, assess

  3. Why skill at assessmentis important • Patients expect relief of suffering • Key diagnostic tool • Coordinates team of health professionals • Can have therapeutic effects • Develops the physician-patient relationship

  4. The physician’s role • Listen • Acknowledge • Analyze • Offer information, practical suggestions • Introduce sources of support

  5. 1. Illness / treatment summary 2. Physical 3. Psychological 4. Decision making 5. Communication 6. Social 7. Spiritual 8. Practical 9. Anticipatory planning for death 9 dimensionsof assessment

  6. Illness /treatment summary • Primary diagnosis • Secondary concurrent illnesses • Treatment summary

  7. Physical assessment • Symptoms • Physical function, impairments • Physical examination • Minimize tests

  8. Pain Weakness / fatigue Breathlessness Insomnia Weight loss Confusion Constipation Anxiety Nausea / vomiting Depression Common symptoms

  9. Symptoms – causes • Multiple causes • the primary illness • an effect of therapy • psychological, social, spiritual, practical issues • another medical condition

  10. Pain as a model forsymptom assessment • High prevalence • Can be well controlled • Often undertreated • Adequate treatment requires adequate assessment • Gateway to other assessments

  11. Location (1°, referral pattern) Quality Timing Severity Radiation Modifying factors Impact on function Effect of treatments Patient perspectives Pain assessment

  12. Function • Motor function • Sensory function • Effect on activities • Effect on relationships • Patient perspectives

  13. Psychological assessment . . . • Cognition • delirium, dementia • Affect • anxiety, depression • Emotions prompted by the life-threatening illness

  14. . . . Psychological assessment • Coping responses • suicidal ideation • Fears • loss of control, burden, abandonment, indignity • Unresolved issues

  15. Emotionalresponses to illness • Avoidance, denial • Fear, anger • Lability, irritability • Intellectualization • Grief • Acceptance, spiritual peace

  16. Fears • Loss of control, dignity • Loss of relationships • Being a burden • Physical suffering

  17. Unresolved issues • Old feuds • Last visits • Lifetime project, piece of work

  18. Decision-making assessment • Capacity / competence • Goals of care • Advance care planning • Informed consent

  19. Decision-making capacity • Global incompetence • Decision-specific capacity

  20. Decision-specific capacity • Understand authorization role • Rational use of information, including risk, uncertainty • Insight into consequences • Noncoerced

  21. Communication assessment . . . • Is there someone to share fears with? talk to? plan with? • Is the information clear? understandable? • What the patient wants to know • child’s parents

  22. . . . Communication assessment • Who else to talk to • Limits of confidentiality • Is language an issue?

  23. Social assessment • Family, family dynamics • Community • Environment • Financial

  24. Community • Culture • Sources of assistance • Religious • Disease groups • Local

  25. Financial • Spending down • Medical bills • Family sacrifice

  26. Spiritual assessment • Meaning, value – personal, of the illness • burden, control, independence, dignity • Faith • Religious life, spiritual life • Pastor

  27. Meaning of illness • Fears & concerns • Illness • Death & dying • Changes and losses • Family / self / role • Control

  28. Spiritual activities • Religious denomination (past or present) • Activity level • Prayer / scriptural resources

  29. Pastors • From community • From health system (chaplain)

  30. Rituals • Special prayers, actions • Last prayers, declarations

  31. Spiritual crises . . . • Search for meaning or purpose in one’s life • Loss of a sense of connection • Feelings of guilt or unworthiness

  32. . . . Spiritual crises • Questioning of faith • Desire for forgiveness • Sense of abandonment by God

  33. Approach tospiritual assessment • Suspect spiritual pain • Establish a conducive atmosphere • Express interest, ask specific questions • Listen for broader meanings • Be aware of own beliefs, biases

  34. Practical assessment • Caregivers • Domestic needs • Dependents

  35. Caregiver • Who? • At what sacrifice? • Comfortable relationship? • Unmet needs?

  36. Domestic needs • Chores of day-to-day living • cooking • cleaning • shopping • banking • bill payment • Transportation

  37. Family • Dependents • Children • Elders • Infirm • Pets

  38. Anticipatoryplanning for death • Current losses • Anticipated losses • Advance care planning • Advance planning for last hours and after death

  39. Whole Patient Assessment Summary

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