The French and Indian War

1. The French and Indian War! The first global war!

2. Part of a bigger fight! French and Indian War is the name given by historians to the colonial wars from1754 to 1763. It was really part of a worldwide struggle. At that time the fighting in North America was viewed in Europe as only an unimportant piece of that struggle. This was just part of a big fight all over the world that lasted from 1689 to 1763.

3. Earlier parts of this fight: King William's War The first of the wars, King William's War (1689�97) In America this was primarily frontier attacks on the British colonies and by the taking of Port Royal by British colonial forces. (The French recaptured it the next year.) The peace that followed was short-lived, and shortly the colonies were at war again.

4. Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War (1702�13). The frontier was again the scene of many bloody battles; the French and Native American raid (1704) on Deerfield, Mass., was especially notable. Another British attempt to take Quebec, this time by naval attack, failed. Port Royal, and with it Acadia, fell.

5. King George's War Fighting Stopped for years until trouble between England and Spain led to the so-called War of Jenkins's Ear or King George�s War. The American part of King George's War did not begin until 1744 when the French failed in an assault on Port Royal. The next year, a Massachusetts took Louisburg. Border warfare was severe but not conclusive. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) returned Louisburg to France, but the hostile feelings that had been aroused did not die.

6. Causes The main part of the French and Indian War, 1754-1763, began as a result of French and British colonists who were competing for their share of the beaver fur trade in the Ohio River Valley. At the time, a person could make a huge sum of money trading beaver furs, which were all the rage back in Europe. While the French had claimed this territory dating back to Robert LaSalle, British colonists in America were determined to get their share of beavers that were quickly being wiped out.

7. The end of Native power! This was the last time that a group of Native Americans had as much power as the Europeans � and the Group was the Iroquois Nation For more than a generation, the powerful Iroquois Confederacy, an alliance of several Native American nations dominated a middle ground between the French and British colonies in North America. The Iroquois, originally centered in western New York, had gained control of a vast region in the interior of the continent by alliances with other Native American peoples and had excluded the European nations from this territory. The Iroquois were able to maintain their power against both the British and the French, but this three-way balance of power began to break down during the 1740s. British traders went into the Ohio country and allied with tribal groups who previously had been controlled by the Iroquois or had traded only with the French. The Iroquois were the main Native American group that helped the English Most others thought that the French would be a better ally.

8. The conflict started over land! The Ohio company, received a grant from the British king and wanted to move traders and settlers into this interior region. In 1753 Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia sent 21-year-old George Washington on his first mission. Washington told the French to leave the area. The following year Governor Dinwiddie ordered the construction of a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers meet, later this would become Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. French refuse to leave, capture English fort, rename it Fort Duquesne

9. Fort Necessity George Washington led a small force to drive out the French. He led his men to Fort Duquesne. They soon realized that they were too badly outnumbered by the French and turned back. Washington constructed a small wooden fenced camp called Fort Necessity. After being assaulted by an overwhelming French and Indian force, Washington was forced to surrender.

10. Did George Washington Start the War? Many historians point to Washington�s actions as the beginning of the French and Indian War. We�ll let you decide. Shortly after Washington�s men constructed the camp at Great Meadows they were warned of a French force nearby under the command of Joseph Jumonville. Washington took several men out along with some Indian allies. When Washington�s forces engaged the small French force, they killed at least ten and took several French soldiers prisoner, including Jumonville. While in captivity an American Indian named Tanaghrisson, who was allied with Washington, walked up to Jumonville while Washington was trying to interrogate him and struck Jumonville in the head with a tomahawk killing him. When a larger French force surrounded and captured Washington at Fort Necessity days later, Washington was asked to sign a letter of surrender which was written in French. Washington, being unable to speak or read French, signed the document taking responsibility for the murder of Jumonville

11. Monongahela British send General Edward Braddock to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne. A young George Washington urged Braddock to allow him to take men into the woods during the battle, but Braddock refused to engage in that type of warfare. Before Braddock�s column could reach the French fort, they were ambushed. Braddock killed; second-in-command Washington miraculously survives Washington would be forced to lead the weary group back to British held territory

12. A Series of battles followed: Fort William Henry The French drive the English out of the fort and then the Natives attack them when they leave. Battle of Ticonderoga The British attack and after loosing almost 2000 men retreat. Battle of Louisburg After attacking Louisburg at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River the British force the French to Surrender.

13. Battle of Quebec This battle is the turning part of the war. In 1759 General James Wolfe and a fleet of 20 ships are unable to capture Quebec for 2 months. Finally, British troops sneak up cliff path, attack fort in morning Finally the British are able to capture Quebec British commander James Wolfe, French commander Montcalm killed

14. The War ends in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris Seven Years� War ends in 1763; British win Treaty of Paris: Britain claims all of North America east of  the Mississippi France gives New Orleans and Louisiana  territory to Spain Britain gives Cuba, Philippines to Spain for  Florida Ends French power in North America

15. Pontiac�s Rebellion After Indians who had been allied with the French learned that they were to lose their territory, they began to launch attacks against the British and their American colonists. This would become known as Pontiac�s Rebellion British give Delaware war leaders smallpox-infected blankets This starts deadly outbreak British issue Proclamation of 1763: Forbids colonists to settle west of Appalachians Angers colonists who thought they had won the right to settle

16. Works Cited http://cicerohistory.com/teachers.php http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/7yearswar/fiw01.htm http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/spring97/newspapers.html http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/french-indian.htm http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cp/90614.htm