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Greek City-States Chapter 5. World History and Geography Mr. Holguin. The coasts became very important to Greek development. Mountains and short rivers made it difficult for cities to unite. Greek was vulnerable to invasion from the north and from the seas. . Greek Geography.
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Greek City-StatesChapter 5 World History and Geography Mr. Holguin
The coasts became very important to Greek development. Mountains and short rivers made it difficult for cities to unite. Greek was vulnerable to invasion from the north and from the seas. Greek Geography
Minoans- Named after King Minos, this civilization is known for its frescoes. Many became sailors and traders because of the poor Greek soil. Early Greeks
They were a warrior society that separated themselves into clans and tribes. They kept records in a written language known as linear B. Mycenaeans 1600 BC – 1200 BC
Polis- a central fortress, surrounding city, and farms of a city-state. Acropolis- a hill that most city-state’s fort was built on. Agora- a marketplace where people traded and met. City-States of Greece
The Iliad and the Odyssey were poems by Homer that talks of the Trojan war and its results. Their religion: explained nature, emotions, and brought good or bad luck. Government and Society
Myths- stories about Greek gods that explained aspects of nature or life in general. Oracles- Special places where one could talk to the messenger of the gods. Olympic Games- were held to honor Zeus Religion
Aristocracy- Government where the people are ruled by a group of nobles. Hoplites- Heavily armored soldiers who brought an end to aristocratic forces. Popular government, Democracy- The idea that people should rule over themselves. Government 101
Equals- land was divided evenly and controlled the city-state. Half-citizens- freemen who had no political power. Helots- slaves of the Spartan people, they worked for the City-state. THIS IS SPARTA!
Sparta controlled the lives of every citizen. At age 7, boys left home to begin military training that ended at age 60. Women were tested for strength and health on a regular basis. Due to a total focus on military, Sparta left little art literature. “Spartans, what is your occupation?”
Citizens- only Athenian born men had full political rights. Metics- born elsewhere, but were free. They could not own land. Slaves- Captured after war, treated as property. Athens
Draco created Athens’ first written law code in 621 BC. Solon settled debts for the poor and ended slavery as payment for debt. Peisistratus- ruled over Athens as a tyrant. Athenian Government
Many farmers carved terraces into the hillside. Most marriages were arranged about the time the girl turned 14. At age 7, boys were under the care of a pedagogue. Life in Athens
Battle of Marathon- The Persians, led by Darius,entered Greece in attempt to take over. The Athenians fought off the Persians. Battle of Thermopylae- 300 Spartans fought to their deaths against the massive forces of Xerxes and the Persians. The Persian Wars 500 BC
Themistocles, the leader of Athens, and Sparta finally defeated Persia at Platea which ended the Persian Wars. The Delian League was formed with Athens at the lead to unite the city-states from any more invasion. The Delian League
Under Pericles (461-429 BC), more males could hold office. A standardized system of weights and measurements was established. He forced many more city states to join the Delian League. Age of Pericles
Athens and Sparta went to war over trade disputes and a long rivalry. Sparta had a stronger army, but Athens had a superior navy. With the help of allied city states, Sparta starved Athens and won the war. Peloponnesian War 461 BC
This is the famous Greek food that usually consists of rotisserie pork, tomatoes, spices, and other vegetables wrapped in pita bread. EXTRA CREDIT #1
