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The 300 Bushel Corn Yield Formula?

The 300 Bushel Corn Yield Formula?. Fred E. Below, Adam Henninger, and Matias Ruffo Crop Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, and Mosaic Fertilizer. Quest for 300 Bushel Corn. Herman Warsaw’s farm Saybrook, IL July 1985. Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World.

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The 300 Bushel Corn Yield Formula?

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  1. The 300 Bushel Corn Yield Formula? Fred E. Below, Adam Henninger, and Matias Ruffo Crop Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, and Mosaic Fertilizer

  2. Quest for 300 Bushel Corn Herman Warsaw’s farm Saybrook, IL July 1985

  3. Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World • Ranks those factors that each year can have a positive (and sometimes negative) impact on corn yield • Gives each factor an average bushel per acre value

  4. Crucial Prerequisites, but Not Yield Wonders • Drainage • Pest/Weed Control • Proper soil pH & adequate levels of P and K based on soil tests

  5. Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World Weather 70+ Nitrogen 70 Hybrid 50 Previous Crop 25 Plant Population 20 Tillage 15 Growth Regulators 10 Total 260 bu Rank Factor Value bu/acre 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Given key prerequisites

  6. Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World Rank Factor Value bu/acre % 1 2 Weather 70+ 27 Nitrogen 3 70 26 4 Hybrid 50 19 5 Previous Crop 25 10 6 Plant Population 20 8 7 15 6 Tillage Growth Regulators Total = 260bu 100% 10 4 Given key prerequisites

  7. How to Get 300 Bushels? • Provide better prerequisites, especially mineral nutrients • Try to optimize each of the seven wonders and their positive interactions

  8. Prerequisites for 300 Bushels? • Proper soil pH & adequate levels of P and K based on soil tests • Fertility- Required amounts of nutrients each year, Sulfur & Micronutrients?

  9. Where are the Positive Interactions? Rank Factor Value bu/acre % 1 2 Weather 70+ 27 Nitrogen 3 70 26 4 Hybrid 50 19 5 Previous Crop 25 10 6 Plant Population 20 8 7 15 6 Tillage Growth Regulators Total = 260bu 100% 10 4

  10. Better N use from Biotechnology Traits? 220 Hybrid Pair 1 Hybrid Pair 2 200 180 Grain yield (bu/acre) 160 140 Refuge 120 VT3 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 Fertilizer N rate (lb/acre) Champaign, IL 2008

  11. Better N use from Biotechnology Traits *different from non-RW counterpart P< 0.05

  12. Greater Nutrient Removal with Grain as a Result of Biotechnology Traits Champaign, IL 2008, average of two hybrid pairs

  13. How to Get 300 Bushels? • Better prerequisites along with packages of optimized yield wonders. • Is the value of combined factors greater than their individual impact?

  14. Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World Weather 70+ Nitrogen 70 Hybrid 50 Previous Crop 25 Plant Population 20 Tillage 15 Growth Regulators 10 Total 260 bu Rank Factor Value bu/acre 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Improved Fertility Prerequisites

  15. Factors for Standard Practice Fertility No P or K based on soil test Nitrogen 180 lbs pre-plant as UAN Genetics RR Hybrid (DKC 61-22) with soil insecticide at planting Population 32,000 plants/ac final stand in 30 inch rows Fungicide No Fungicide

  16. Factors in High Tech Package Fertility 100 lbs P2O5 as MESZ supplies P, S, and Zn Nitrogen 100 lb extra N as SuperUrea as sidedress to assure available N Genetics Triple stack (DKC 61-19) with soil insecticide at planting Population 45,000 plants/ac final stand in 30 inch rows Fungicide Strobilurin at flowering Headline or Quilt-Xcel

  17. Best High Yield Factors- Omission Plot

  18. Omission Plots 2009 • DeKalb • Planted May 31 • Hard Frost October 10 • Champaign • Planted May 26 • Dixon Springs • Planted June 8 • All Sites • 180 lbs base N as UAN • DKC 61-19 or 61-22 • Soybean as previous crop • Conventional tillage DeKalb Champaign Dixon Springs

  19. High Tech Package vs Traditional Champaign-2009 High Tech Package Traditional Pictures taken at R5 on 9/17/09 by Adam Henninger

  20. High Tech Package versus TraditionalChampaign - 2009 High Technology Package Traditional Practice For 1/1000 of an acre

  21. Yield Enhancement with High Tech Package * Significance difference (p<0.10) Data from 2009

  22. Omit From High Tech - Champaign LSD (p<0.10) = 12

  23. Traditional vs High Tech - Champaign LSD (p<0.10) = 12

  24. Omit From High Tech – Dixon Springs LSD (p<0.10) = 13

  25. Traditional vs High Tech – Dixon Springs LSD (p<0.10) = 13

  26. Omit From High Tech - DeKalb LSD (p<0.10) = 11

  27. Traditional vs High Tech– DeKalb LSD (p<0.10) = 11

  28. Omission Plot – Average Three Sites LSD (p<0.10) = 7 Data from DeKalb, Champaign and Dixon Springs 2009

  29. Increasing Plant Population with Twin Rows Champaign, IL 2009

  30. Twin-Row Demonstration-2009 Fertility At Planting (mg/planted plant) N 225 P2O5 595 K2O 212 S 50 Zn 5 Population 35, 45, 55 x 1000 plants/ac all in 7.5” centered twin rows Fungicide Strobilurin at flowering with and without Headline DKC 64-24, 180 lbs N/acre pre-plant as UAN, mulch tillage, planted May 22

  31. AGCO-White Research Twin Row Planter Champaign, IL 2009

  32. Soil Conditions at Planting Champaign, IL 2009

  33. Seedling Emergence Champaign, IL 2009

  34. Plant Spacing with Twin Rows 35,000 plants/acre 55,000 plants/acre Champaign, IL 2009

  35. Vegetative Growth Champaign, IL 2009

  36. Late Vegetative Growth

  37. Plant Population and Fungicide Application in Twin Rows * Significance difference between fungicide treatment (p<0.10) Champaign, IL 2009

  38. Quest for 300 Bushel Corn University of Illinois Research Farm Champaign, IL November 2009

  39. Conclusions • Big yield gains are possible from crop management that provides better Fertility along with packages of optimized Yield Wonders • The yield value of an individual factor is small compared to the combined value of all factors

  40. Acknowledgements • Personnel • Brad Bandy • Ryan Becker • Fernando Cantao • Jason Haegele • Mark Harrison • Jim Kleiss • Bianca Moria • Juliann Seebauer • Martín Uribelarrea • Mike Vincent • Wendy White • Matt Wiebers • Financial Support • Mosaic • BASF • GrowMark • Syngenta • Agrotain • AGCO • Fert Res Ed Council

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