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Medical Terminology and Disease

8. Medical Terminology and Disease. Word Elements for Medical Terms. word root—the body of the word ( cardi , arthr , mast ) prefix—before word root ( intra- , trans- ) suffix—after word root ( -logy , -gram ) c ombining vowel—joins two word roots ( electr - o - cardi - o - gram)

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Medical Terminology and Disease

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  1. 8 Medical Terminology and Disease

  2. Word Elements for Medical Terms • word root—the body of the word (cardi, arthr, mast) • prefix—before word root (intra-, trans-) • suffix—after word root (-logy, -gram) • combining vowel—joins two word roots (electr-o-cardi-o-gram) • combining form—word root plus combining vowel (osteo, electro)

  3. Combining Word Elements • Once you are familiar with word elements, you can combine them to build medical terms. • Most singular and plural endings follow Greek and Latin rules.

  4. Discuss Break the following words into their word elements, and then derive their meaning: polycystic poly/cyst/ic—having many cysts mastectomy mast/ectomy–removal of breast transurethral trans/urethr/al—through the urethra

  5. Medical Terms • pronunciation • choften sounds like k • g sounds like j when gcomes before e, i, and y • pnsounds like n • pssounds like s • correct spelling—utmost importance in medical terminology • medical abbreviations vary by facility

  6. Body Cavities • spaces in body that house internal organs • two main cavities • dorsal • ventral

  7. Body Cavities

  8. Anatomical Position

  9. Other Body Positions Prone Supine

  10. Other Body Positions Fowler’s Lateral

  11. proximal abduction adduction flexion extension Body Directions and Movements • anterior/ventral • posterior/dorsal • superior • inferior • distal

  12. Discuss What are some examples of abduction and adduction? Demonstrate.

  13. Body Planes • sagittal • midsagittal/median • coronal • transverse

  14. Medical Specialties • areas of focus practiced by medical professionals, named according to a body system

  15. What Is Disease? • a disorder or abnormal condition in some part of the body’s structure or function • an important purpose of medicine is to treat disease

  16. What Is Diagnosis? • made by studying medical history and symptoms, performing physical exam, and analyzing results • involves diagnostic testing, identifying treatment options, and classifying disease Alexander Raths/Shutterstock.com

  17. Types of Disease • hereditary disease (abnormalities in genes) • congenital disease (birth defects) • environmental disease (exposure to harmful factors in environment) • nutritional disease (inability or failure to consume proper nutrients)

  18. Types of Disease • infectious disease (pathogenic microorganisms) • degenerative disease (deterioration of tissue/organs over time) • trauma (physical injury by accident or violence)

  19. Discuss Write the first three diseases that come to your mind. What types of diseases are they?

  20. Cancer • abnormal growth of cells multiplying rapidly in the body • metastasis—spread of cancerous cells • malignant—used to describe an active, life-threatening tumor

  21. Signs and Symptoms of Cancer • change in bowel or bladder habits • a sore that doesn’t heal • unusual bleeding or discharge • thickening or lump in breast, testicles, or elsewhere • indigestion or difficulty swallowing • obvious change in size, color, shape or thickness of wart, mole, or mouth sore • nagging cough or hoarseness

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