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Paola Agostini E-mail: Pagostini@worldbank.org Rome, May 10, 2006

Ghana: SLM/PES – GEF Project (Terrafrica). Paola Agostini E-mail: Pagostini@worldbank.org Rome, May 10, 2006 . 1986 (January) Landsat Image. 2002 (March) Landsat Image.

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Paola Agostini E-mail: Pagostini@worldbank.org Rome, May 10, 2006

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  1. Ghana: SLM/PES – GEF Project(Terrafrica) Paola Agostini E-mail: Pagostini@worldbank.org Rome, May 10, 2006

  2. 1986 (January) Landsat Image 2002 (March) Landsat Image 2002: Dark reds = dense tree cover (forest/plantations); greens and yellows = grass; pale-medium blue = bare; dark blue-black = water. Background difference in 1986 mainly a season effect.

  3. Much of this expansion is in lands unsuited to it, quickly degraded

  4. Much of this expansion is in lands unsuited to it, quickly degraded

  5. Loss of tree cover (5% estimated )

  6. Critical loss of biodiversity and carbon

  7. Unsustained landuse

  8. Total loss of tree cover & resultant siltation

  9. Problems of traditional conventional agriculture production in Ghana Reasons for the depletion • Conversion of forest land for cash crops • Shifting cultivation • Overgrazing • Bushfire • Unsustainable timber logging • Uncontrolled collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)

  10. Possible Technologies for better NRM/SLM On agricultural land: • Mixed tree crop systems (cocoa agroforests – cocoa, fruit, timber) • Simple tree crop systems (fruit trees) • Field boundary planting (fruit, timber) • Woodlots (timber) • Soil Management Adjacent to agricultural land: • Riparian strips • Hedgerows • Natural areas • Forestland Intensive SPS Riparian Forests

  11. Examples of Land uses with Tree Systems Riparian Forests

  12. Examples of Land Uses with Tree Systems Live fences or wind-breaks

  13. Benefits of Tree Crops Systems and Project Objective Link Production Conservation

  14. Benefits of Agroforestry systems Often insufficient to justify adoption Ignored by land users • On-site benefits: • Promote soil fertility • Provide shade • Provide fodder • Provide additional products (timber, fruit, etc) • Biodiversity benefits: • Host larger number and wider variety of species • Help connect remaining natural habitats • Carbon benefits: • Sequester more carbon in soil and biomass • Water benefits: • Higher infiltration (but higher evapotranspiration) • Improved water filtration

  15. What are Environmental Services? Working Definition:Regulatory functions – upon stocks and flows of matter and energy – of natural ecosystems which help to maintain or improve the environment and quality of life.

  16. Example: Hydrologic Services Land uses in upper watersheds affect the quantity, quality, and timing of stream flows. • Possible downstream beneficiaries: • Water for domestic use • Irrigation systems • Hydroelectric power generation • Fishing • Recreation • Downstream ecosystems

  17. New Principles Payment for Environmental Services from those who Benefit and Payment to those Land Owners whose Natural Capital produces those services. Development of Markets for Environmental Services

  18. Payments for environmental services Conventional System Improved system with PES Payment Costs to downstream populations and global community Benefits to land users

  19. Impact of PES on profitability Note: 20ha farm in Nicaragua

  20. Barriers to adoption of Tree Systems/Agroforestry systems • Technological Barriers • Capacity/ Institutional Barriers • Financial Barriers • Policy Barriers • Cultural Barriers

  21. Project Components • Policy formulation and dissemination • Sustainable Land Management Extension and Capacity Building • Eco-services Fund • Monitoring and Evaluation • Project Coordination

  22. Consultation process • 2004 IITA visits LAC project • 2005 Jan Thematic Group Grant for Exchange LAC/AFR • Feb 2005 Workshop in Accra • May 2005 Mission IITA- GoG- WB • June 2005 Workshop in Ghana • August 2005 – Request from Ministry of Environment • Oct 2005 GoN-WB-IITA preparation of Block B • Feb 2006 Mission to Ghana- WB-GoG-IITA • Submission of Block B to GEF (feb 10, 06)

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