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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the body capacity to utilize glucose is disturbed due to impairment in insulin secretion or insulin resistance leading to chronic hyperglycemia.
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Global Burden of Diabetes and its Complications About approx. 425 million peoples are diabetic in 2017. 5 to 10 percent have type 1 and 90 to 95 percent have type 2 diabetes. By 2045 it will rise to 629 million. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the body capacity to utilize glucose is disturbed due to impairment in insulin secretion or insulin resistance leading to chronic hyperglycemia. Individuals may be classified as having pre-diabetes or diabetes based on their fasting blood glucose or postprandial blood glucose. The diagnostic criteria for patients with diabetes are fasting plasma glucose>7.0mmol/L and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)>11.1mmol/L. The three main types of diabetes are: 1.Type 1 diabetes(children and young adult) 2.Type 2 diabetes(Age>45yrs) 3.Gestational diabetes Causes for diabetes Type 1 diabetes: autoimmune condition-it means your immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the beta cells in your pancreas that produce insulin. The damage is permanent. What trigger the attacks isn’t clear. It may be both genetic and environmental reasons. No role 0f lifestyle in it. Type 2 diabetes: Insulin resistance-it mean your body can’t use the insulin efficiently. That stimulates your pancreas to produce more insulin until it can no longer keep up with demand. Insulin production decreases, which leads to high blood sugar.
Exact cause of type2 is unknown. Contributing factors are: 1. Genetics 2.Lack of exercise 3.Being overweight 4.Health factors 5.Environmental factor 6.Sedentary life style Gestational diabetes: it is due to insulin blocking hormones produced during pregnancy.it only Occur during pregnancy. Symptoms: excessive thirst and hunger, frequenturination,drowsiness or fatigue, dry, itchy skin, blurry vision, slow healing wounds, pain or numbness in feet, brittle nail,dark patches in the folds of skin, major weight loss. Complications: 1. Eye problems-retinopathy 2.Kidney damage-nephropathy 3.Nerve damage-neuropathy 4.Vessels disease- leading to heart attack or stroke or PVD. 5.Infection or skin conditions. 6.Amputations due to neuropathy or PVD Complications in pregnancy: High blood Pressure , preeclampsia, miscarriage or stillbirth, birth defects. To know more: https://www.murarihealthcare.com/global-burden-of-diabetes-and-its- complications/
