Buy Land on the Moon, Purchase acre on Moonland

1. Lunar Oxygen, Beamed Power Propulsion and Exploration in the Moon How can our exploration from the moon be effectively extended to 100% of lunar surface with the aid of Lunar Oxygen Propellant (LUNOX) and Beamed Power Propulsion? The original Apollo mission focused on finding lunar rock samples, with quite restricted scientific program and tests performed "right there". The new Constellation mission, to become conducted by NASA, anticipates longer-term scientific experiments on the moonland. As a new step comparing to Apollo mission, there will probably be use of sophisticated propulsion strategies, therefore cryogenic engines will replace hypergolic. In addition, separate launches of spacecraft and crew modules are going to be substantial departures from Apollo mission. Generally, Constellation exploration program might be related to an Antarctic expedition. Our method to scientific investigation of Antarctica will serve as an exemplary model for coming lunar exploration. The primary challenge comes from high cost of transportation to and from the moon. Moon-based production can resolve a lot of questions of survival on the lunar surface and hence reduced the interplanetary transportation costs. The important element for transportation is Oxygen - a

2. major constituent of lunar soil. Lunar production of oxygen as a monopropellant can substantially decrease the cost of moon-Earth transport. Unlike Earth, the moon has no atmosphere and its gravity is six instances smaller sized. As a result, the important troubles of energy-beamed launches from earth (atmospheric beam absorption and scattering, air drag, want for larger accelerations, etc.) are considerably less pronounced or absent on the moon. Water, a natural source of hydrogen propellant on the moon can be identified mostly in polar locations. Even so, water recovery for exploration of non-polar regions is too high-priced. In contrast, LUNOX is accessible from full lunar surface, and hence, applied with BEP it can extend our missions to all lunar places. Oxygen as BEP propellant may have better storage capacity than hydrogen, but it has decrease exhaust velocities. At temperatures four,000K LUNOX will supply 3000 m/sec exhaust velocity. This corresponds to specific impulse standard for chemical rocket propulsion (300 sec). At such temperatures hydrogen exhaust velocities will be 4 instances greater. For precisely the same thrust, since the beamed energy is proportional to the velocity of exhaust, oxygen will want four times significantly less power to produce very same thrust as hydrogen. Compared to earth-based beamed-energy launches, LUNOX benefit vs. hydrogen in power needs will 24 = 6 x four. It will likely be even better, if we take into account all losses of beamed energy as a consequence of earth atmosphere. So that you can launch in the moon to low lunar orbit, the mass of loaded propellant appears just a little less than burnout mass. As BEP thruster has simple design and style, the loaded LUNOX mass will be roughly equal to payload mass. This makes feasible applying BEP for launching Lunar Shuttle Vehicle (LSV) with return payload to orbiting command module. Provision of landing and return service by lunar-based LSV reduces mission launch mass by a factor of two. If, in addition, LSV will deliver refueling on lunar orbit, the initial launch mass is usually decreased 3 occasions!