Container Orchestration

1. Everything You Need to Know About Container Orchestration

2. Agenda What is container orchestration? Why do we need container orchestration? How does container orchestration work? Best practices for optimizing container orchestration Container orchestration platforms: Who are the market leaders? Real-world success stories of container orchestration

3. What is container orchestration? Container orchestration is a process of automating the operational effort, including the provisioning, scaling, availability, deployment, networking, and lifecycle management of containers, to run containerized workloads.

4. Multi-cloud container orchestration Container orchestration can also enable the operation of containers across multi-cloud infrastructure environments. Therefore, we can say that container orchestration perfectly complements a multi-cloud environment and accelerates digital transformation initiatives.

5. Container orchestration with microservices Two characteristics of containers help reduce overheads if your organization runs microservices applications in cloud environments. Fine-grained execution environments Ability to accumulate different application components in the same OS instance Microservices architecture and containers go hand in hand as Microservices provide structure to divide and package a larger application into singular services. Meanwhile, containers enable the assembling and releasing of microservices.

6. Why do we need container orchestration? Container orchestration mediates between the apps or services and the container runtimes and performs services management, resource management, and scheduling. Business benefits of container orchestration Efficient resource management Interoperability 01 05 Cost savings Easy scaling of applications and infrastructure 02 06 03 07 Greater agility Ideal for microservices architecture Simplified deployments Improved governance and security 04 08

7. How container orchestration works? An orchestrator tool ultimately aims to achieve – automating every aspect of application management – right from initial placement to deployment, from scaling to health monitoring.

8. How container orchestration works? 1) Set configurations Most container orchestration platforms support a declarative configuration model. This configuration file generally carries essential information about the repositories, storage (volumes), networking (ports), and logs that support the workload. And so, this configuration file essentially Defines the desired configuration state Provides storage to the containers Defines which container images make up the application, and their location (pertaining to the registry) Establishes secured network connections between containers Specifies versioning for phased and canary rollouts

9. How container orchestration works? 2) Deploy containers When there is a requirement for a new container for cluster deployment, the container orchestration platform schedules an event. And then, it identifies the perfect host depending on requirements or constraints specified in the configuration file. Many conditions can be predefined, like the placement of containers based on memory availability, metadata, user- defined labels, or available CPU capacity.

10. How container orchestration works? 3) Manage the lifecycle of containers After your container is up and running, the container orchestration tool will manage its lifecycle based on the specifications defined in the configurations in the compose file.

11. Best practices for optimizing container orchestration Define a clear “development-to-production” path Understanding the path from development to production is of utmost importance for any enterprise dealing with containers. Prioritize backup and recovery It is crucial to have copies in secondary and independent storage systems regardless of where the data resides. Have proper monitoring solution Create a roadmap for large-scale container terminals When the development and operations are linked via DevOps practices, it is even more essential to have automatic reports of issues regarding containers going into production. Planning capacity requirements for production is a key practice for on-premises and public cloud- based systems.

12. Container orchestration platforms: Who are the market leaders? kubernetes.io: Leader of the pack It is an open-source tool that offers a simple and declarative model with multiple containers, scheduling, scaling, and managing their health. Advantages Reduced development and release timeframes Optimized IT costs Flexibility in multi-cloud and hybrid cloud environments Exclusive self-healing and auto-scaling capabilities Challenges You can face challenges when managing and scaling between cloud providers. Other issues related to security, storage, monitoring, and logging

13. Container orchestration platforms: Who are the market leaders? docker.com: Easy cluster creation with powerful container scheduling Docker Swarm is an easy-to-use orchestration tool native to the Docker platform and made by the Docker team and community. Advantages A low learning curve You can use Docker images and configurations with no changes and deploy them at scale Ideal for smaller deployments Automated load balancing within the Docker containers Challenges No option to connect containers to storage Less robust automation capabilities

14. Container orchestration platforms: Who are the market leaders? apache.org: Complex yet inherently flexible Apache Mesos, slightly older than Kubernetes, is an open-source cluster manager. Advantages Lightweight interface Inherent flexibility and scalability Simplified resource allocation by combining abstract data resources into a single pool Marathon is designed for long-running apps and can handle persistent containers. Challenges It is a distributed systems kernel upon which you can create custom orchestrators. Mesos having a high learning curve entails organizations acquiring technical expertise.

15. Real-world success stories of container orchestration 1) Adidas Adidas was able to reduce the site loading time by half while running the site on Kubernetes. They also started releasing 3-4 times a day, which earlier was once in 4-6 weeks. With 200 nodes, 4,000 pods, and 80,000 builds per month, Adidas started running 40% of its critical, impactful systems on its cloud-native platform.

16. Real-world success stories of container orchestration 2) Apple (Siri) Apple's team completely rebuilt its infrastructure to run on Mesos to get it running on Apple’s in-house architecture. The use of Mesos made Siri scalable and available from an infrastructure perspective and also improved latency on the iOS application itself.

17. Real-world success stories of container orchestration 3) BMW BMW ConnectedDrive is a digital product of BMW groups which connects the driver and vehicle to various services apps. In 2016, BMW started migrating its full application suite to OpenShift to support over 1,000 web-based apps for its customers, vehicles, dealerships, factories, and the complete production and sales process.

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