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Fuel Cell Simulator System

Fuel Cell Simulator System. Martin Ordonez, Master’s Candidate Supervisors: Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal Dr. John E. Quaicoe. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland. Introduction. Fuel Cells (FC) Why FC Simulators?. Organization.

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Fuel Cell Simulator System

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  1. Fuel Cell Simulator System Martin Ordonez, Master’s Candidate Supervisors: Dr. M. Tariq Iqbal Dr. John E. Quaicoe Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland

  2. Introduction • Fuel Cells (FC) • Why FC Simulators?

  3. Organization • Direct Methanol FC (DMFC) and Electronic Load Description • Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC • Fast Dynamic Power Converter for FC Simulators • Stand Alone FC Simulator • A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC • Conclusions

  4. DMFC System Description Membrane Electrode Assembly Cross section of the DMFC Anode and Cathode Plates

  5. DMFC System Description Cross section of the DMFC Actual DMFC

  6. Electronic Load for FC Systems Conceptual Schematic of the electronic load power stage and instrumentation Picture of the Electronic load

  7. An Advanced Electronic Load for FC Systems DSP board top view Conceptual Schematic of the electronic load based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) DSP board bottom view

  8. An Advanced Electronic Load for FC Systems The advanced electronic load Power module expansion

  9. DMFC Steady State Characteristic Curve FC Polarization Curve

  10. Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Current Steps Response to a series of current steps : v-i plot Response to a series of current steps : time domain plot

  11. Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Power Steps Response to a series of power steps : v-i plot Response to a series of power steps : time domain plot

  12. Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Resistive Steps Response to a series of resistive steps : v-i plot Response to a series of resistive steps : time domain plot

  13. Dynamic Behavior of a DMFC: Current Ripple DC+AC current test for 25Hz and 400Hz: v-i plot DC+AC current test for 25Hz and 400Hz: time domain plot

  14. Current Ripple Operation: Output Power Reduction Power extraction as a percentage of the power extraction without ripple

  15. Peak Power Availability Peak power extraction from no-load to 400mA : v-i plot Peak power extraction from no-load to 400mA : time domain plot

  16. FC Electrical Equivalent Model

  17. Summary • Advanced electronic load • Dynamic behavior of a DMFC • Power reduction with current ripple operation • Peak power availability • Examination of the generic FC dynamic model

  18. Fast Dynamic Power Converter for FC Simulators • Dynamic response requirements? • Fast dynamic response • Large signal frequency response: • Unity Gain • Negligible phase shift DC+AC current test for 25Hz and 400Hz: v-i plot

  19. Evaluation of Isolated Converters Following a reference signal Inductor and output current Flyback Forward Push pull, half and full bridge

  20. Topology Selected for the Power Converter Reversible Buck converter • Advantages: • Avoid discontinuous conduction mode • Fast capacitor discharge (reverse current) • Best switch utilization • Suitable for switching surface control

  21. Control Strategy: A Simple Analogy Which is the fastest way to travel by car? University Mall

  22. Control Strategy: A Simple Analogy Answer: Time optimal Brake!!!! Maximum acceleration University Mall

  23. Control Strategy: Time Optimal

  24. Control Strategy: Parameter Change

  25. Control Strategy: Normalization

  26. Control Strategy: Normalized Switching Surface

  27. Control Strategy: More Switching Surfaces

  28. Control Strategy: Facts About Switching Surfaces • Facts: • No unique SS can give a universal solution • Simple approach to predict the transient response: The closer the better

  29. Control Strategy: Inspection of the Ideal Transient

  30. Control Strategy: Region of Convergence

  31. Control Strategy: Control Law

  32. Power Converter Prototype

  33. Simulation vs. Experimental Results

  34. More Experimental Results Start up and resistive steps Frequency response

  35. Summary • Analysis of the dynamic requirements • Converter topology selection • Control strategy: Selection of a SS • Prototype development • Experimental result

  36. Stand Alone Fuel Cell Simulator • Suitable for Laboratory operation • No computer • No communication cards • No licensed software • Small low cost system Conceptual block diagram of the system

  37. Parameters of the Model 1) 2) 3) 4)

  38. FC Model vs. Actual FC

  39. DSP-based Implementation Flow diagram of the FC model and power converter controller

  40. FC Stack Emulation: 55 Single Cells in Series Response to a series of current steps : v-i plot and time domain plot

  41. Summary • Empirical model with reduced computational requirements • Development of a stand alone FC simulator based on a DSP • The most important feature: portability • Good match between the FC simulator and experimental results

  42. A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC • Replacing FC model for a small single FC • Include membrane drying, catalyst poisoning, aging, etc. • Avoid results that depart from reality • Use of scale up rules

  43. A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC • Control Area Network (CAN) bus • PC based monitoring and analysis • Fast dynamic power converter for FC simulators • Four modes of operation

  44. A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC • Control Area Network (CAN) bus • PC based monitoring and analysis • Fast dynamic power converter for FC simulators • Three modes of operation

  45. A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC • Control Area Network (CAN) bus • PC based monitoring and analysis • Fast dynamic power converter for FC simulators • Three modes of operation

  46. A Novel FC Simulator Based on a Small Single FC • Control Area Network (CAN) bus • PC based monitoring and analysis • Fast dynamic power converter for FC simulators • Three modes of operation

  47. Operating Principle

  48. Experimental Results: Current Ripple Operation 120 Hz current ripple operation: v-i plot and time domain plot Ch1: Power converter output voltage Ch2: Single FC output voltage Ch3: Single FC output current Ch4: Power converter output current

  49. Experimental Results: Current Step Response Current step response : v-i plot and time domain plot Ch1: Power converter output voltage Ch2: Single FC output voltage Ch3: Single FC output current Ch4: Power converter output current

  50. Concluding Summary • Electronic load development • Dynamic test of DMFC • Power converter design • Stand alone FC simulator • A novel FC simulator based on a single FC

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