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A car is to gasoline as your body is to

A car is to gasoline as your body is to. your stomach. your kidneys. food. enzymes. The energy to perform actions, as well as the materials from which body cells and tissues are made, comes from. cellulose. oxygen. food. blood. The energy available in food can be measured by.

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A car is to gasoline as your body is to

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  1. A car is to gasoline as your body is to • your stomach. • your kidneys. • food. • enzymes.

  2. The energy to perform actions, as well as the materials from which body cells and tissues are made, comes from • cellulose. • oxygen. • food. • blood.

  3. The energy available in food can be measured by • first determining which nutrients the body needs. • burning the food. • tracing chemical pathways. • all of the above.

  4. About how many kilocalories does the average teenager need per day? • 100 to 200 • 500 to 600 • 2200 to 2800 • 10,000

  5. A calorie is the amount of energy needed to • raise the temperature of the body by 1° Celsius. • raise the temperature of 1 g of fat by 1° Celsius. • raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1° Celsius. • none of the above

  6. Substances that are needed by the body for growth, repair, and maintenance are called • enzymes. • nutrients. • ATP. • Calories.

  7. Inorganic nutrients that the body needs are called • lipids. • proteins. • vitamins. • minerals.

  8. Which of the following foods do NOT contain polysaccharides? • grains • potatoes • meats • vegetables

  9. The American Heart Association recommends a diet with a maximum of • 40 percent of Calories from fat, of which only 20 percent should be from unsaturated fats. • 30 percent of Calories from unsaturated fat, in addition to 10 percent from saturated fats. • 50 percent of Calories from saturated fats. • 30 percent of Calories from fat, of which only 10 percent should be from saturated fats.

  10. The raw materials that the body needs for growth and repair come from • proteins. • unsaturated fats. • carbohydrates. • water.

  11. Proteins are polymers of • lipids. • unsaturated fats. • amino acids. • vitamins.

  12. When a doctor suggests following a diet low in saturated fats, which of the following forms of oil is a preferred choice to use in cooking? • oils with single bonds between their carbon atoms • vegetable oil • animal fats • butter

  13. What is the minimum amount of water you should drink every day? • 0.5 liter • 1 liter • 2 liters • 3 liters

  14. Which of the following fluids is made up mostly of water? • blood • lymph • other body fluids • all of the above

  15. Water is lost from the body by each of the following EXCEPT • sweating. • urinating. • respiration. • circulation.

  16. What can occur if a person does not take in enough water to replace what is lost? • dehydration • circulatory problems • nervous system problems • all of the above

  17. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the process of sweating? • Sweating is more likely to occur on hot days than cool days. • Sweating is likely to occur after strenuous exercise. • Evaporation of sweat warms the body. • Excessive sweating can lead to dehydration.

  18. The Food Guide Pyramid advises a person to eat more • meat than dairy products. • grains than meat. • dairy products than vegetables. • dairy products than grains.

  19. Which of the following food groups is NOT found in a sandwich of only bread, ham, and mayonnaise? • fats, oils, and sweets • milk, yogurt, and cheese • meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts • bread, cereal, rice, and pasta

  20. How many food groups make up the Food Guide Pyramid? • four • five • six • seven

  21. The trend of the Food Guide Pyramid is that the majority of the food in your diet should be from • the group(s) at the top. • the group(s) at the bottom. • the group(s) in the middle. • all of the groups in the same proportion.

  22. Which of the following food groups contain few valuable vitamins? • fats, oils, and sweets • milk, yogurt, and cheese • vegetables • fruit

  23. What “food tube” carries food between the pharynx and the stomach? • small intestine • epiglottis • esophagus • large intestine

  24. Which of the following would NOT be found in the stomach? • mucus • pepsin • villi • hydrochloric acid

  25. Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas? • produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels • produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids • produces bile • produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid

  26. What is one of the roles of the pancreas in nutrition? • absorb nutrients • churn food • dissolve food • neutralize acids

  27. What enzyme found in saliva breaks chemical bonds between the sugar monomers in starches? • amylase • chyme • pepsin • hydrochloric acid

  28. Where does the process of chemical digestion begin? • stomach • esophagus • small intestine • mouth

  29. What does mechanical digestion in the stomach involve? • absorption of nutrients by villi • pepsin and bile • strong muscular contractions • bile and pancreatic fluid

  30. The stomach breaks down food into a soft, partially digested mixture called • pepsin. • chyme. • amylase. • bile.

  31. Through which structure do wastes pass into the rectum? • duodenum • large intestine • small intestine • villus

  32. Water is extracted from digested food in the body primarily by the • bladder. • gallbladder. • large intestine. • pancreas.

  33. Look at Figure 38–1. Clean, filtered blood is returned to circulation through the • renal artery. • renal vein. • urinary bladder. • urethra.

  34. In what structure in Figure 38–1 do filtration and reabsorption occur? • kidney • renal vein • urinary bladder • ureter

  35. The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and • break down nutrients. • remove wastes. • absorb nutrients. • prevent infection.

  36. The main organs of the excretory system are the • kidneys. • lungs. • intestines. • ureters.

  37. Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron? • urethra • renal vein • glomerulus • Bowman’s capsule

  38. The activity of the kidneys is controlled by hormones and by the • volume of nutrients. • volume of filtrate. • composition of the blood. • composition of the urine.

  39. When the kidneys detect an increase in salt, they respond by • excreting less salt in urine. • returning more salt to the blood by filtration. • returning more salt to the blood by reabsorption. • returning less salt to the blood by reabsorption.

  40. Which of the following controls the activity of the kidneys? • the composition of the blood • regulatory hormones that are released in response to the composition of blood • both a and b • none of the above

  41. What percentage of the filtrate’s water that enters Bowman’s capsule is reabsorbed into the blood? • 100 percent • 99 percent • 50 percent • less than 25 percent

  42. In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood by • reabsorption. • excretion. • dialysis. • filtration.

  43. The process of dialysis • carries urine to the urinary bladder. • pumps blood throughout the body. • returns filtered blood to the body. • forces water into cells and tissues by osmosis.

  44. Dialysis performs the function of the • liver. • ureter. • kidneys. • urinary bladder.

  45. What materials are removed from the blood through dialysis? • urea and excess salts • chyme • amylase and pepsin • none of the above

  46. In a label displaying the “Calorie” content of food, the unit is actually the kilocalorie. _________________________ • True • False

  47. Simple and complex carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body. _________________________ • True • False

  48. The bulk supplied by fats helps muscles to keep food and wastes moving through the digestive system. _________________________ • True • False

  49. Every cell in the human body needs protein because this is the material in which many of the body’s processes, including chemical reactions, take place. _________________________ • True • False

  50. Following the Food Guide Pyramid, you should have 6–11 servings of the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group every day. _________________________ • True • False

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