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Three Topics

FAS Symposium: How Can China and the U.S. Work Together to Address Climate Change? University of California, Berkeley September 25, 2008 Mark D. Levine. Three Topics. Formation and History of the China Energy Group Myths and Realities about Energy and Energy-Related CO 2 Emissions in China

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Three Topics

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  1. FAS Symposium:How Can China and the U.S. Work Together to Address Climate Change?University of California, Berkeley September 25, 2008Mark D. Levine

  2. Three Topics Formation and History of the China Energy Group Myths and Realities about Energy and Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in China Observations on Working with China on Energy Efficiency

  3. Formation and History of the China Energy Group: Highlights Conference on energy markets in China (Nanjing, 1988) -- with Jayant Sathaye and Lee Schipper (LBNL) Appliance efficiency standards – with Steve Nadel (ACEEE) Formation of Beijing Energy Efficiency Center (BEcon) – with Zhou Dadi, Bill Chandler (PNNL), and Rick Bradley (DOE) Work with the Packard Foundation to create the China Sustainable Energy Program at the Energy Foundation – with Hal Harvey (Energy Foundation), Susan Packard Orr and Cole Wilbur (Packard Foundation) Later, with Doug Ogden and Yang FuQiang (Energy Foundation) Major role in helping the Chinese to manufacture energy efficient refrigerators – David Fridley (LBNL) Created voluntary agreements as basis for China’s industrial energy efficiency policy – Lynn Price (LBNL) Advised China on programs to meet its 20% energy intensity goal – with Jiang Lin and Zhou Dadi

  4. For Further Information 联系信息网址：China.lbl.gov The China Energy Group Today David Fridley (范德维) 510-486-7318 (联系电话) DGFridley@lbl.gov (电子邮件) Nate Aden (艾东远) 510-486-5156 (联系电话) NTAden@lbl.gov (电子邮件) Ke Jing （柯晶） 510-486-7534 (联系电话) JKe@lbl.gov (电子邮件) Sammi Leung (梁詠賢) 510-486-7698 (联系电话) WYLeung@lbl.gov (电子邮件) Mark Levine (马克 ∙列文) 510-486-5238 (联系电话) MDLevine@lbl.gov (电子邮件) Hongyou Lu (鲁虹佑） 510-486-7534 (联系电话) HLu@lbl.gov (电子邮件) Nan Zhou (周南) 510-486-5534 (联系电话) NZhou@lbl.gov (电子邮件) Lynn Price (蒲思琳) 510-486-6519 (联系电话) LKPrice@lbl.gov (电子邮件) 4

  5. Reality China has the cities with the worst air pollution in the world For the first time, policies to improve air quality throughout China are taking effect There are reasons to be hopeful that this problem will be addressed with some vigor over the coming decade

  6. Myth:China’s subsidized energy prices give firms a competitive edgeReality:China’s energy prices are mostly at international levels or higher Residents of Guangzhou pay more ($0.16/kWh) for electricity than residents of San Francisco Natural gas prices in Shanghai are the same as in San Francisco ($10/mcf) Coal prices in China ($147/t) are now higher than in the US Index of Industry and Energy Prices

  7. Myth:Energy demand growth faster than GDP in developing countries during periods of industrialization Reality:China, virtually unique in the developing world, hasdemonstrated since 1980 that this need not be the case However:From 2001 to 2005, energy demand in China changed course radically, growing more rapidly than GDP

  8. Myth: China is profligate in its use of energy and becoming more so Reality: Per capita energy use in China is only 1/8 U.S. & 1/4 EU

  9. Myth China will soon overtake the United States as the largest contributor to energy related CO2 concentration in the atmosphere Reality By any measure of contribution to atmospheric CO2, the Chinese have done far less harm than the United States

  10. Annual energy-related carbon emissions in China have been growing rapidly since 2001

  11. But per capita emissions are much lower than those of the U.S.

  12. And cumulative per-capita emissions are very much smaller than those of the U.S.

  13. Myth China is doing little to reduce its growth of CO2 emissions Reality • China’s Target of 20% Energy Intensity Reduction by 2010: • 1.5 billion metric ton CO2 reduction • China is on a course to achieve by 2010: • >1.0 billion metric ton CO2 reduction (2/3 of goal, 2005 to 2010) • EU commitment under Kyoto (1997): • ~ 300 million metric ton CO2 reduction (1997-2012)

  14. Myth:China is inefficient in it energy use and becoming more so.Reality:Industry consumes 70% of energy in China. Energy intensities within industrial sub-sectors continue to decline.

  15. Myth: China is hogging the world’s oil imports Reality: China’s imports, while growing, remain a very small part of tradedoil on world markets

  16. Myth:China’s vast coal reserves, which it is bound to use, will swamp any effort to tackle global climateReality:On a per capita basis, China is not any better endowed with coal than are Germany and Japan.

  17. Observations on Working with China on Energy Efficiency High-level government support for energy efficiency 1980-2000; 2006-present Well-placed policy research organizations Belief in “scientific basis” for policy leads to high receptivity to advice based on analysis Commitments met Well-being of country still above individual in government and research circles High skill levels

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