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TRYPAN R as Treatment for Caprine Surra

TRYPAN R as Treatment for Caprine Surra. Dargantes, AP, Puentespina, RP Jr * & Sumagang, RJ. College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon *Davao City. Overview. SURRA – a disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi

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TRYPAN R as Treatment for Caprine Surra

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  1. TRYPANR as Treatment for Caprine Surra Dargantes, AP, Puentespina, RP Jr* & Sumagang, RJ College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon *Davao City

  2. Overview • SURRA – a disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi • Trypanosoma evansi : protozoan parasite of the blood and interstitial tissues • UNIQUE PARASITE-Widespread geographical distribution & wide range of hosts • Big problem in Mindanao T. evansi in mouse blood (x 1000)

  3. Surra affects cattle, carabaos, horses, goats, pigs, dogs and wild animals A carabao with surra in Surigao del Sur.

  4. A goat with surra prior to its death.

  5. Surra Control??? • Dependent on CHEMOTHERAPY • Several drugs are used in the field • Concerns: Efficacy, Safety and Cost

  6. TrypanR Components Diminazene diaceturate Procaine Phenazone

  7. General Objective • Evaluate the efficacy of TrypanR against a Mindanao T. evansi isolate in goats.

  8. Specific Objectives • Determine the time of disappearance of T. evansi from the blood circulation of bucks after TrypanR treatment. • Compute for % mortality among control bucks and T. evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR.

  9. Specific Objectives • Compare the hematology (RBC, WBC, PCV and hemoglobin levels), rectal temperature levels and bodyweights among uninfected and T. evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR at two different doses. • Describe any side effects of the drug among treated bucks.

  10. 16, 6-9 months, local bucks T. evansi isolate (Surigao del Norte) Side Effects/Signs Hematology/BW Parasitemia/Temp • daily • before and after infection and weekly for 6 weeks, pt • 1, 3, 6, 24 & 48 H , & every 3 days for 45 days, pt METHODOLOGY Four Groups of 4 A= Infected, treated w/ TrypanR @ 3.5 mg kg-1 BW B= Infected, treated w/ TrypanR @ 7.0 mg kg-1 BW C= Infected, untreated control D= Uninfected, untreated control

  11. Determination of Parasitemia • Venipuncture (jugular vein) between 8-9 am • Microhematocrit Centrifugation Technique (MHCT) • Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT)

  12. Mouse Inoculation Test

  13. STATISTICAL ANALYSES • Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in CRD • Rectal temperature, hematology, bodyweights • Tukey’s HSD = comparison of means • SPSS 11 & Microsoft Excel

  14. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

  15. Disappearance of T. evansi from the blood • Trypanosomes were no longer detected (using MHCT and MIT) in the blood of all bucks within 1-3 hours after TrypanR treatment at 3.5 and 7.0 mg kg-1 BW doses.

  16. Mortality (%) • All untreated, T. evansi-infected bucks died 26, 39 and 50 (2 bucks) days after infection (100% mortality). • No mortality (0%) was observed among T.evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR and among uninfected-untreated bucks.

  17. Clinical Signs • Untreated, T. evansi-infected bucks showed signs of progressive emaciation, relapsing fever, coughing, ocular discharges, testicular enlargement, anorexia, weakness, diarrhea and death. • These signs were not manifested among goats treated with TrypanR, nevertheless, fever was observed prior to relapses.

  18. Severe testicular enlargement in a goat with surra

  19. Hematology • Anemia was evident in bucks with surra (decreased RBC, PCV and Hgb levels) Blood values were improved after TrypanR treatment. • Leukocytosis was observed among untreated, T. evansi-infected and TrypanR-treated bucks.

  20. Red blood cell counts of control and Trypan-treated bucks at pre-infection (Pi), pre-treatment (Ptr) and after treatment (Normal RBC value for goats= 8-17 x 106/µl; Coles, 1986). .

  21. White blood cell counts of control and Trypan-treated bucks at pre-infection (Pi), pre-treatment (Ptr) and after treatment (Normal WBC value for goats = 4-13 x 103/µL; Coles, 1986).

  22. Rectal Temperature • A relapsing fever was manifested among bucks with surra, highly associated with an intermittent parasitemia. • Trypan-treated bucks had normal rectal temperature within 3 hours after treatment. • Rectal temperature among TrypanR-treated and uninfected, untreated bucks did not vary significantly.

  23. Bodyweights • Untreated, T. evansi-infected bucks lost an average bodyweight of 48.8 g daily while T. evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR at 3.5 & 7.0 mg kg BW only lost mean daily bodyweights of 7.14 & 4.76 g, respectively. • Uninfected, untreated controls gained a daily mean bodyweight of 2.38 g. • However, mean bodyweights did not vary among treatments.

  24. Relapses • Parasitemia was re-detected in the blood circulation of 87.5% (7/8) of bucks within 19-34 and 28-34 days after treatment with TrypanR at 3.5 and 7 mg kg-1 BW dose rates, respectively. • One buck treated with 7 mg kg-1 BW dose did not have relapse infection. • Trypanosomes were not detected within 1 month after re-treatment with 10.5 mg kg-1 BW dose of TrypanR.

  25. Possible Reasons of Relapsed Parasitemia • Less concentration of the drug at privileged sites (ie, brain, eye, extravascular fluids). At triple dose, relapse was no longer observed among bucks. • Drug resistance. Prolonged use of a drug leads to resistance. Nevertheless, this trial was not designed to determine resistance.

  26. Mild Side Effects • Transient signs of pain, wild kicking, restlessness, noisiness, and slight lameness for about 1-2 minutes and anorexia for an hour after treatment with TrypanR. • There was no swelling at injection sites.

  27. Conclusion • TrypanR is safe and effective in treating clinical surra in goats in Mindanao but the recommended dose of 3.5 mg kg-1 bodyweight should be tripled for complete elimination of the parasite.

  28. Recommendations • The use of this drug among other animals in Mindanao particularly in carabaos and cattle should be evaluated . • Drug resistance against diminazene diaceturate, if it occurs or not in the field, should be determined.

  29. Acknowledgment • Dr. J Domiquil & Mr. F Oraliza of the PVO of Surigao del Norte • Mr. John Gamboa, Ms. D Miguel and Dr. E Igsoc of Region XIII • Dr. Rafael Mercado & MUSCA Staff • Drs. C Sanchez, E Gonzaga & N Salcedo • Dr. JAC Abella & CMU Administration • Dr. Arvin Besagas • Dr. Simon A Reid of Australia

  30. Daghang Salamat sa Pagpaminaw!

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