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ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ

ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ. Профессор Н.Г. Рамбиди. 13. самоорганизация. Самоорганизация или вынужденное формирование ?. Самоорганизация или вынужденное формирование ?. Самоорганизация ?. Matched: common in homoepitaxy, sometimes in heteroepitaxy . Самоорганизация ?.

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ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ

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  1. ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕОСНОВЫНАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕОСНОВЫНАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ Профессор Н.Г. Рамбиди

  2. 13. самоорганизация

  3. Самоорганизация или вынужденное формирование?

  4. Самоорганизация или вынужденное формирование?

  5. Самоорганизация? • Matched: common in homoepitaxy, sometimes in heteroepitaxy

  6. Самоорганизация?

  7. Самоорганизация? micelle cross section reverse micelle cross section

  8. Самоорганизация в природе

  9. Systems Self-Organization in Natural • What are the mechanisms for integrating subunits activity into a coherently structured entity? • From simple neurons to the thinking brain • From individuals to the society • From molecule to pattern

  10. Self-Organization in Natural Systems • What are the mechanisms for integrating subunits activity into a coherently structured entity? • From simple neurons to the thinking brain • From individuals to the society • From molecule to pattern C3H4O4 NaBr NaBrO3 HSO3 C12H8N2SO2Fe Malonic acid Sodium bromide Sodium bromate Sulfuric acid 1,10 Phenanthroline ferrous sulfate

  11. Definitions • What is Chaos ? [Poincarré] [Lorenz] [Prigogine] disorder, confusion, is opposed to order and method “Chaos” define a particular state of a system that is characterized by the following behaviors: • Do not repeat • Sensible to initial conditions: sharp differences can produce wide divergent results • Moreover, ordered and characterized by an unpredictable determinism • When moving away from equillibrium state => high organization • Non equillibrium phasis: bifurcations • Amplification => Symetry break

  12. Definitions • What is Self-organization in natural systems? Self-organization is a process in which pattern at the global level of a system emerges solely from numerous interactions among the lower level components of the system. [Deneubourg 1977] Moreover, the rules specifying interactions among the system’s components are executed using only local information, without reference to the global pattern In other words, the pattern is an emergent property of the system, rather than a property imposed on the system by an external influence

  13. Definitions • What is an emergent property ? • Many Agents • Simple rules • Many interactions • Decentralization • Emergent properties • Unreductibility • Macro-level (odre magnitude difference) • Feed-back effect on the micro-level Conditions Observations

  14. Non-living pattern formation • Based on physical and chemical properties • Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction • Bénard convection cells • Sand dune ripples • Glass cracks • Mud cracks

  15. Non-living pattern formation • Based on physical and chemical properties • Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction • Bénard convection cells • Sand dune ripples • Glass cracks • Mud cracks

  16. Non-living pattern formation • Based on physical and chemical properties • Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction • Bénard convection cells • Sand dune ripples • Glass cracks • Mud cracks

  17. Non-living pattern formation • Based on physical and chemical properties • Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction • Bénard convection cells • Sand dune ripples • Glass cracks • Mud cracks

  18. Non-living pattern formation • Based on physical and chemical properties • Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction • Bénard convection cells • Sand dune ripples • Glass cracks • Mud cracks

  19. Формообразование в живых объектах

  20. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns characterizing individuals • Giraffe coat • Zebra • Leopard • Vermiculated rabbitfish • Cone shells • Finger prints • Morel • Metamerization • Occular dominance stripes

  21. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns characterizing individuals • Giraffe coat • Zebra • Leopard • Vermiculated rabbitfish • Cone shells • Finger prints • Morel • Metamerization • Occular dominance stripes

  22. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns characterizing individuals • Giraffe coat • Zebra • Leopard • Vermiculated rabbitfish • Cone shells • Finger prints • Morel • Metamerization • Occular dominance stripes

  23. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns characterizing individuals • Giraffe coat • Zebra • Leopard • Vermiculated rabbitfish • Cone shells • Finger prints • Morel • Metamerization • Occular dominance stripes

  24. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns characterizing individuals • Giraffe coat • Zebra • Leopard • Vermiculated rabbitfish • Cone shells • Finger prints • Morel • Metamerisation • Occular dominance stripes

  25. Pattern formation in biological systems • Most of those patterns are in fact fixed states of reactions that have occurred long time ago… • Patterns characterizing individuals • Giraffe coat • Zebra • Leopard • Vermiculated rabbitfish • Cone shells • Finger prints • Morel • Metamerisation • Occular dominance stripes … or process is still running. Mechanisms ?

  26. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns occurring during collective movement Microorganisms Insects and Crustaceans Social insects Fishes Birds Mammalians

  27. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns occurring during collective movement Microorganisms Insects and Crustaceans Social insects Fishes Birds Mammalians

  28. Pattern formation in biological systems • Patterns occurring during collective movement Microorganisms Insects and Crustaceans Social insects Fishes Birds Mammalians Those patterns results from a permanent reorganization… …mechanisms ? • No leader • No preexisting tracks • High sensitivity to heterogeneities • Based on the nearest neighbor perception

  29. Degradation Degradation Slow diffusion ACTIVATOR ACTIVATEUR INHIBITOR INHIBITEUR Quick diffusion + + - Activation-inhibition mechanism autocatalyzis Inspired by equations of reaction-diffusion [Turing1949] inhibition The activator autocatalyzes its own production, and also activates the inhibitor. The inhibitor disrupts the autocatalytic process. Meanwhile, the two substances diffuse through the system at different rates, with the inhibitor migrating faster. The result: local activation and long-range inhibition

  30. Activation-inhibition mechanism Activation-inhibition and self-organization share a common mechanism Starting point: a homogeneous substrate (lacking pattern) Positive feedback (short-range activation, autocatalyzes) Negative feedback (long-range inhibition)

  31. Формообразованиев сложных системах

  32. Pattern formation in colonies activity • Patterns resulting from the activity of a society of… social insects • Ants • Bees • Wasps • Termites Mammalians • African Mole-rats • Humans

  33. Pattern formation in colonies activity • Patterns resulting from the activity of a society of… social insects • Ant • Bees • Wasps • Termites Mammalians • African Mole-rats • Humans

  34. Pattern formation in colonies activity • Patterns resulting from the activity of a society of… social insects • Ant • Bees • Wasps • Termites Mammalians • African Mole-rats • Humans

  35. Attraction-repulsion mechanisms Relations between Activation-inhibition mechanisms and attraction-repulsion mechanisms They share a common mechanism Starting point: a homogeneous substrate (lacking or different pattern) Positive feedback (local activation or attraction rate to aggregates size) Negative feedback (long-range inhibition, depletion in individuals) Degradation Degradation Slow diffusion ACTIVATOR ACTIVATEUR INHIBITOR INHIBITEUR Quick diffusion + + + + - - Short range effect ATTRACTION STRENGTH Long range effect CONSUMPTION of FREEPARTICLE

  36. Self-Organization in Natural Systems • Definitions • Pattern formation In living and non-living systems • Social systems Sociality and gregarism • Cellular systems Cells build animals • Properties of self-organized systems

  37. How cells build the animal ? • From one cell to the next generation… • From one cell to the thinking brain… • Planed mechanisms: • Expression of the genetic program • Scale changes • And long range communication • Self-organizing mechanisms • Reaction-diffusion (activation-inhibition) • Cells migrations (Aggregation-repulsion)

  38. How cells build the animal ? • Cell proliferation • Cell differentiation • Cell communication • Cell memory • Regenerative potential

  39. How cells build the animal ? Strict genetic program Complex triggering • Cell proliferation • Cell differentiation • Cell communication • Cell memory • Regenerative potential

  40. How cells build the animal ? Amplification of a behaviour (metabolism)trigger: cell environment • Cell proliferation • Cell differentiation • Cell communication • Cell memory • Regenerative potential

  41. How cells build the animal ? • Cell proliferation • Cell differentiation • Cell communication • Cell memory • Regenerative potential Contact Mechanical Direct Indirect Secretion diffusion At different range and time

  42. How cells build the animal ? Nucleus (DNA) • Cell proliferation • Cell differentiation • Cell communication • Cell memory • Regenerative potential Cytoplasm • RNA • Proteins • … • toxins Controled exchanges Internal state, memoryof previous events (environments)

  43. How cells build the animal ? • Accidental changes in cell environment • Backward differentiation • Not all animals • Global communication (blood circulationand nervous system) • Not all cells • Wounds should respect • Gradients • Periods of sensibility • Cell proliferation • Cell differentiation • Cell communication • Cell memory • Regenerative potential

  44. How cells build the animal ? • Low dynamic : STRUCTURES • High dynamic : FUNCTIONING • Neural activity • Immune system answer • Cell proliferation • Cell differentiation • Cell communication • Cell memory • Regenerative potential

  45. Самоорганизация поведения

  46. Ants • Organizing highways to and from their foraging sites by leaving pheromone trails • Form chains from their own bodies to create a bridge to pull and hold leafs together with silk • Division of labour between major and minor ants

  47. Social Insects • Problem solving benefits include: • Flexible • Robust • Decentralized • Self-Organized

  48. Interrupt The Flow

  49. The Path Thickens!

  50. The New Shortest Path

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