第九课：教育

1. 第九课：教育

2. 移民—yímín， verb and noun. • 我爸爸，妈妈都是移民。 • 我去年移民到中国。 • 美满—měimǎn • 童话总是以“从此过着幸福美满的生活”结束。 • 美满结局 • 尊重—zūnzhòng • 王老师是我的西宾，我很尊重他。 • 选择—xuǎnzé • 你今天晚上要吃中国菜还是日本菜？你可以选择。 • 我们正在买东西，选择今天晚上的晚饭果料。 • 反对—fǎnduì • 我反对你的看法。 • 我们反对种族歧视。（qíshì）

3. 认为—rènwéi • 我认为你的文章真好看！ • 我们认为，这个决定是错误的。 • 理解—lǐjiě –having knowledge on a more superficial level • 理解书中的内容 • 你可以了解个人的身体状况、职业、家庭背景、学历等 • （了解） —liǎojiě , understanding on a deeper ( more personal) level • 我了解他。 • 她在中国住了20年了，越来越了解中国文化。 • 人才—réncái • 他是个难得的人才 • 看法—kànfǎ • 你的看法跟我的看法不一样。 • 成（为） — chéngwéi • 她通过了考试，成为一名博士生。

4. 望子成龙望女成凤 The 龙 is an animal with magical powers and a symbol of imperial power. The 凤 (short for 凤凰) is the sovereign of all birds in Chinese legends. The animals are symbols of royal wealth and power, and metaphors for people of high virtue and rare talent. The dragon and the phoenix are not only the representatives of the emperor and the empress, but also good luck and goodness.

5. 龙 The Chinese believe themselves to be descendants of the dragon. Belief in the dragon, and drawings of the imaginary animal, can be traced back to primitive society when certain prehistoric tribes in China adopted the dragon among other totems as their symbol and guardian god. Some of the recently unearthed bronze vessels of the Yin Dynasty, which existed more than 3,000 years ago, are decorated with sketches of dragons of a crude form. Earliest legends in China described the dragon as a miraculous animal with fish scales and long beards. As time went on, it became more and more embellished in the minds of the people, acquiring the antlers of the deer, the mane of the horse and the claws of the eagle -- in short, appropriating the distinctive features of other creatures until it became what we see today everywhere in the palace. A dragon has a protruding forehead indicating wisdom and antlers signifying longevity. Its ox's ears denote success in the imperial examination; it has tiger's eyes as a sign of power; eagle's claws showing bravery; while a fish's tail implies flexibility and the horse's teeth are a mark of diligence

6. 凤凰 Sovereign of all birds, it has the head of the golden pheasant, the beak of the parrot, the body of the mandarin duck, the wings of the roe, the feathers of the peacock and the legs of the crane; gloriously beautiful, it reigns over the feathered world. Synonymous with good fortune, opportunity, and luck. It also conveys strength and resilience in the symbolic rising from its own ashes and soars to greater heights. On its own, the Phoenix is a Yang symbol and is associated with female energy, fire and wind. http://www.visitourchina.com/guide/dragon_and_phoenix.htm http://www.whats-your-sign.com/Chinese-animal-symbols.html http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/social_customs/dragon_lion.htm

8. The Adverb 才 • We know a couple of ways: • When used after numbers, it translates to “as late as” • 我一点半才睡觉 • New way: comes before numbers to express a small quantity. • 我每天上网才三个小时，时间不多。 • 现在才六点，球赛八点开始，不用这么早去。 • 你今年才二十岁，就想结婚？

9. Descriptive Complements Describe how a verb is done Can also show the result of an action. Can divide them into three categories 1. Relating to the verb 2. Relating to the subject 3. Related to the object

10. 1. Relating to the Verb We first studied this last year with the V + O + V + 得 sentence structure. Answers the question: “How was the verb done?” 我每天起床起得很早。 她跑步跑得很快。 昨天考了中文考试，我考试考得真好！ 爸爸开车开得太快，让我很紧张。

11. 2. Relating to the Subject We also studied this last year. We have a similar V+(O+V+) 得 pattern. Answers the question: How does the subject do the verb? 今天是弟弟的生日。爸爸，妈妈送给他一只小狗。他高兴得笑了起来。 听了他的话，我笑得肚子都疼了。

12. 3. Related to the Object We have not studied this yet. With this version of the complement, the verb is showing an action and the descriptive complement shows the result of that verb. 我侄女才小学三年级，我嫂子就把她的时间安排得满满的。 老师说我太懒，不用功，说得我很不好意思。

13. The Adverb 并 Used before a negative word (不，没) to politely refute a statement. 我并不完全同意你的看法。 实际上我并不想当医生，可是我父母非让我上医学院不可。 A:小李告诉我，你说你的手机在我这儿？ B: 这个小李！我只说你借过我的手机，并不说我的手机在你那儿。

14. Adjectives as Predicates • Using an adjective as a verb • 你说，我们寒假去哪儿旅行好？ • Here, 好 is acting as the verb “to do something” • 今天晚上又一个生日舞会，我不知道穿什么衣服合适。 • Here, 合适 is acting as the verb “to fit” • 你现在读书最重要，交女朋友不用着急。 • Here, we don’t have a verb “to be” and 重要 is being used to say “the most important thing is…”

15. 不是 A, 而是 B Strongly negate A, strongly affirm B 汤沐知道有些知识不是在学校里或者从书本上学的，而是从社会，从生活中学的。 我不是不希望孩子将来有一番大事业，而是不想给他它大的压力。 刚才找你的认识你女朋友吧？ 别乱说，她不是我女朋友，而是我嫂子。

16. 一直 Translates to “all along” or “continuously” or “since then” 我朋友搬进新公寓后，一直没交房租。 小林的专业是中文，毕业以后，一直在中国工作。 小张有两条毯子。只用了一条，另外一条一直放在柜子里。

17. 好（不）容易 Means “with a lot of difficulty” or “很不容易” 演唱会的票很难买，我好不容易才买到一张。 今天的功课真多，我好不容易才做好。 这个生词昨天我好不容易才记住了，可是今天又忘了。

18. 像。。。一样 Translates to “as if”or “like” 她只十一岁，说话怎么像个小大人一样？ 这盘饺子一点儿味道都没有，像是没放盐一样。 那个女儿像个小狗一样跟在男朋友后边。

19. 可以说 Translates to “you could say…” or “it could be said…” Always followed by a verb or a verb phrase 我的童年可以说很快乐。 小高可以说是我们这里做聪明的人。 小林在我们班可以说是最用功的了，可是考试并不是做好的。

20. 这么说 Translates to “so that means…” Introduces a conclusion based on what has just been said. 明天我很忙，那个演唱会。。。 这么说，你明天不去听演唱会了？ 对。 小张已经去中国了。 这么说，她不考试就走了？ 是的。她说回来再考。

21. 这么说（2） 我哥哥和他的女朋友最近吵架吵得很厉害，两个人决定分手。 这么说，他们不打算结婚了? 他们的父母知道吗？ 知道，他们都理解。

22. 最好 Translates to “had better…” 吃晚饭后，最好不要马上运动。 我想学化学专业，将来好找工作。 你喜欢化学吗？如果不喜欢，最好别学。 这部电影很受欢迎，看的人多，如果想看，最好早点买票。