Andrew Jackson

1. Andrew Jackson

2. Bibliography Seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson, was born on March 15, 1767, to Scotch-Irish immigrant parents Andrew Jackson, Sr. and Elizabeth "Betty" Hutchinson, who came from Carrickfergus, in modern-day Northern Ireland, in 1765. Jackson was the first president not born an aristocrat.  Jackson, who due to his ruggedness became known as "Old Hickory," continued serving in the army becoming a nationally recognized hero following his defeat of the British in the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. Later, he fought the Creek Wars as well as the Seminole War in Florida. He became Florida's military governor in 1819 after Spain ceded it to the United States in the Adams-Onís Treaty.  Jackson ran for the Presidency in 1824, where he received more popular and electoral votes any of the other candidates. However, because he did not receive a majority of either the outcome of the election had to be decided by the House of Representatives who, in a surprising turn, awarded the office to John Quincy Adams. Feeling the election had been stolen from him, Jackson was not one to accept defeat, and he and his supporters began campaigning immediately. Thanks largely to his humble beginnings and reputation as a national hero, Jackson won the next election in 1828 by a substantial majority. He took office in 1829.  Another significant crisis during Jackson's presidency was the notorious Indian Removal Act of 1830. This is the incident in which Native American tribes (Cherokee, Seminole, Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw) were removed from their homelands in the south and relocated to what was called the Indian Territory, which later became Oklahoma. Many of these people died along what has become known as the infamous Trail of Tears. On January 30, 1835 the first assassination attempt against an American president occured in the United States Capitol. It happened while Jackson was leaving a funeral. A man named Richard Lawrence fired a pistol at him at point-blank range. The pistol misfired and Lawrence pulled another pistol which also misfired. Jackson's demeanor as a pugnacious fighter kept him from running for cover. Instead, he boldly confronted his attacker and proceeded to beat the man over the head with his cane. Jackson never remarried after the death of his wife Rachel. His only child was an adopted son, also named Andrew. Jackson died on June 8, 1845.

3. “Without union our independence and liberty would never have been achieved; without union they never can be maintained. ... The loss of liberty, of all good government, of peace, plenty, and happiness, must inevitably follow a dissolution of the Union.”-Andrew Jackson, Second Inaugural Address, 1833Table of Contents

4. Political Rise to Presidency In quick succession, he was a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1795, then Tennessee's first congressman, then a senator. He resigned his Senate post after one year to take a job closer to home, as judge of Tennessee's superior court. In 1802 he challenged Governor John Sevier for election as major general in command of the state militia. Jackson's senior by more than twenty years, Sevier was a veteran of the Revolution and of many Indian campaigns, and the state's leading politician. Jackson beat him for the generalship, but the aftermath brought the two men to a showdown in the streets of Knoxville, followed by preparations for a duel. After the striking success as a militia commander, Jackson was commissioned United States Major General in May 1814 and given command of the southern frontier. Jackson resigned his army commission and was appointed governor of the new Florida Territory in 1821. He presided over the transfer of authority from the Spanish, then resigned and came home to Tennessee, where his friends were planning to promote him for the presidency in 1824.

5. Key Domestic Policies Indian Removal Map Rotation in Office and The Spoils System-Andrew Jackson replaced the current politicians in office with friends and supporters such as news reporters who supported him in his election. Indian Removal Act- Andrew Jackson passed a bill that would remove Indians that inhabited southern states, such as Georgia and to move them towards the West. Those who refused were forced to move by government officials. The American System and the Maysville Road Veto- Andrew Jackson supported “a protective tariff to foster domestic industry and federal subsidies for transportation projects.” The Bank Veto- Andrew Jackson felt that the bank was unconstitutional. He argued the country’s economical issues and constitutional objections to support his Veto against the bank. The Force Bill- Jackson passed the “Force Bill “ which permitted him to use any power to end the "rebellion" occurring in the Carolinas.

6. Key Foreign Policies Jackson Triumphs over France Britain- Andrew Jackson reopened the British West Indian port to the American commerce, in 1830. Texas- Jackson recognized Texas as an independent state. French- The United States paid a small amount of money to extinguish French claims against the American government and reduced the responsilblity on French wines.

8. President Andrew Jackson destroying the Bank of the United. Lithograph, 1928

9. "Leader" One word that describes Andrew Jackson is a leader. He wants everything to go his way most of the time is because he thinks is for the better. Jackson, unlike previous Presidents, did not defer to Congress in policy-making but used his power of the veto and his party leadership to assume command. Whenever Jackson did assume command he usually accomplished his goal for example in  January of 1832, while the President was dining with friends at the White House, someone whispered to him that the Senate had rejected the nomination of Martin Van Buren as Minister to England. Jackson jumped to his feet and exclaimed, "By the Eternal! I'll smash them!" So he did. His favorite, Van Buren, became Vice President, and succeeded to the Presidency when "Old Hickory" retired to the Hermitage, where he died in June 1845

10. Works Cited www.Millercenter.org www.youtube.com www.library.thinkquest.org www.cdcontrol.com www.presidentprofiles.com www.thehermitage.com http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/jackson/essays/biography/2 http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjackson http://www.american-presidents.com/andrew-jackson

11. Team Members Christina Crawford Abiola Adamson Kristie Soriano(Themissing slides are the ones she chose to do and turned in online separately. Her document was unable to be opened)