状语从句 The Adverbial Clauses

1. 状语从句 The Adverbial Clauses 制作人:尚玫

2. 状语从句总述 • 时间状语从句 • 地点和条件状语从句 • 原因和结果状语从句 • 目的和让步状语从句 • 方式和比较状语从句 • 测评

3. 　　　在复合句中担任状语成分的从句，称为状语从句，状语从句可以用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。　　　在复合句中担任状语成分的从句，称为状语从句，状语从句可以用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。 　　　状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、目的、结果、比较状语从句等９种。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。每类状语从句有各自不同的引导词。 总述

4. 时间状语从句Adverbial clauses of time 由下列从属连词引导： 1.when, while, as *when 引导的从句和主句的动作可同时发生,也可先后发生,从句中的动词既可是延续性动词,也可是非延续性. When we arrived, the dinner had already begun. *while强调从句和主句的动作同时发生,从句中的动词都是是延续性动词. It was raining while Jane was waiting for the bus. *as从句中的动词是延续性动词时,侧重于从句和主句的动作同时发生,意为“一边……一边……” She always listens to light music as she doer some cleaning. 2.till, until 在句首或强调句中,一般用until而不用till.从句在主句之后时,二者都可以用. * (主句)延续性动词(肯定句)+ until/till……(直到……为止) * (主句)瞬间动词(否定句)+ until/till……(直到……才……) *强调句型It is not until……that…… 如:He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 3.before(在……之前,就……,才……)引导的从句中一般不用否定式谓语.

5. 常用句型有: It is long before…… 好久才…… It isn’t/won’t be long before…… 过了不久就…… 如:It will be a long time before she comes back from Australia. 4.after(在……以后) 5.as soon as, no sooner...than, hardly…when, scarcely…when/before (一…就),表示主句和从句动作先后发生. 如:I’ll phone you as soon as I get to Guangzhou. 6.since(自…以来) *since+瞬间动词的过去式(前面常用现在完成时) *It is/had been+时间段+since……瞬间动词的过去时 如:It is three years since she joined the army. 7.常见的可用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语及副词 还有:the moment, the minute, every time, each time, the last time, the year等. 如:Don’t stop each time you meet with a word you don’t understand. • when, until/till, before, as soon as, the moment等引导时间状语从句时,如果主句的时态是一般将来时,则从句的时态用一般现在时.(主将从现) 如:Don’t worry about him. He’ll ring you when he gets there.

6. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常用where 和wherever引导. 如:We shall go where working conditions are difficult. Where there is will, there is a way. Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 条件状语从句 1.常用来引出条件状语从句的连词 有:if, so/as long as, unless, in case, so far as, provided (that), on condition that.如: If you go to the cinema tomorrow, I’ll go with you. We won’t go to his party unless he invites us. She made a note of it in case she might forget. 2.如果主句是一般将来时,if, unless等引导的条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表将来. 如:You will be late unless you leave immediately. 3.unless相当于if…..not,主要用于谈论要发生的事. unless引导的从句通常时肯定句. 4.If引导的条件状语从句可分为两种:真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气). 如:If I had the time, I would have helped you with your math last night.

7. 结果状语从句 常有so that, so…that和such…that引导. so that常用句型: *so +adj. /adv. +that从句 * so +adj. +a/an +名词(单数)+ that从句 如: He is so good a football player that all the people admire him. 2. such…that常用句型 *such a/an + (adj.) +名词(单数) +that从句 *such +(adj.) +名词(复数) +that从句 *such +(adj.) +名词(不可数) +that从句 如: He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door. 原因状语从句 A.引导连词有because(因为),as(由于),since, now that(既然,由于) 1.Because从句通常放在主句之后,表示 直接原因,语气较强,能回答的why的问句,可和only, just, not连用. He didn’t go to work just because his leg was broken. 2.as引导的原因状语从句多放在主句前,表示明显的原因或已知的事实,语气较弱,不能回答的why的问句. As he is from the south, he is not used to the dry weather in Beijing. 3. Since和 now that引导的原因状语从句 一般放在主句前,表示既成事实的原因,语气较弱,不能回答的why的问句. Now that it is snowing, we had better not go to the cinema. B. for也可表示原因,但它是并列连词,放在两并列句之间,表示非直接地随便附加说明的理由或推断的理由,常用逗号跟主句分开. It is spring now, for the flowers are out.

8. 让步状语从句 由though, although, as, even though (even if), whether······or, however, whatever, no matter when (where, who······)等来引导. 1. though 和although(较正式) ./ King as he is, he 引导让步状语从句时,不可同时用并列连词but,但可用still, yet 等副词来加强语气。 Though I hurried, yet I was late for the last train. 2. as引导让步状语从句可用于部分倒装结构。句型: ①adj. /adv. /n.(无冠词、无复数形式) +as +主谓 ②v. +as +主语+ may (might, will, would) 如:Much as I like it, I won’t buy it. King as he is, he is unhappy. /Try as he does, he never succeeds. 3. even though (even if)(即使······,也······) 如: Even though I’m busy, I’ll have to go for it’s my duty. 4. however, whatever, whenever, whoever等引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter how, what, when, who ······, (无论怎样/什么/何时/谁······) 如: No matter where (Wherever) the children are playing, you need to pay attention to them. 5. whether······or,表示”不管······还是······” 如:Whether he is awake or asleep, the subject is always in his mind.

9. 目的状语从句: 常用so that，in order that等从属连词引导，从句中的谓语动词常用may（might），can（could），should等情态动词。 如：I’ll buy a map so that I can find the university more easily. 比较状语从句: 常由as ···as ···(和······一样),not as/ so ···as(不像/不如······), ···than ···(比······更······), the more ···the more等引导,例如: 1.The more trees they destroyed, the more sandy weather there would be. 2.He drives not so carefully as his cousin. 3.The price of electricity is twice higher than 10 years ago. 方式状语从句: 由as ,as if (as though)(宛如,好象)引导 Do as your father told you to do. He treated her as if she were her daughter.

10. 测评 1.The river will be further polluted _____ some measures ______. A. unless; are taken B. unless; will be taken C. if; are taken D. if; will be taken 2.We’d better encourage him ______ he can smooth away the difficulties. A. so as to B. as though C. in order to D. in order that 3._______you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me? A. For B. Since C. Because D. Even if 4._______, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However late he is C. However he is late D. However is he late 5._______, he was to support the family. A. Though he is child B.A child as he is C. Child as he is D. As he is a child • Answers: ADBBC

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