Museum Entrance

1. Welcome to the Human Body Systems Museum Museum Entrance Digestive System Respiratory System Skeletal & Muscular System NervousSystem Circulatory System

2. Circulatory System Skeletal System Functions Parts What is the Circulatory System? How to stay Healthy Ailments & Conditions Return to Entry

3. What is the Circulatory System The Circulatory system is an organ system that involves heart and blood vessels. The heart is a muscle and the heart’s job is to pump blood all over the body. The brain is in charge, it tells the heart when to speed up and slow down. The blood vessel’s job is to carry blood all over the body like a pipe. Blood vessels transport nutrients, gases, blood cells, and hormones throughout the body. When the blood comes back to the heart it picks up waste product. Here is a video Return to Exhibit

4. Parts The Circulatory system has many parts. The heart has many parts inside and outside of it. There are right and left pumps inside the heart called ventricles. A wall called the ventricular septum separates the 2 ventricles. There are many different blood vessels. The capillaries are the smallest blood vessel in the body and the aorta is the largest blood vessel. Then the arteries are the thickest blood vessels. The veins are a smaller type of blood vessel which carries blood without oxygen to the heart and lungs. This system also includes valves, and portal veins. Portal veins connect one capillary to another. Return to Exhibit

5. Functions Blood is very important. The blood needs oxygen. So the blood goes to the lungs and comes back to the heart with oxygen which mixes with the blood. Blood is made of plasma which is made of dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes, salts and proteins. Blood contains platelets that repair any cuts or injuries. Red blood cells contain protein (known as hemoglobin) and it’s the blood that supplies our body. White blood cells are very important they fight and destroy any infections, diseases, viruses and bacteria. White blood cells also stop you from bleeding when you get a cut or injury. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry the blood away from the heart. Valves are in blood vessels and the heart, the heart has 4 valves, valves allow blood flow in one direction but not the other. The valves can be closed if there is too much blood somewhere but the heart’s valves always allow blood flow. A unique electrical system causes the heart beat. Return to Exhibit

6. Ailments and Conditions The circulatory system can have a lot of problems. The heart and circulatory system is grouped into 2 categories, problems present at birth and problems present some time after birth. Some dangerous problems are Hypertension (high blood pressure), Kawasaki disease (damages many parts of the body) and hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol). A common heart disorder would be Arrhythmia. It is rhythm disorder problem with the heart beat that can be caused before birth or later. Arrhythmia causes the heart to beat either to fast or to slow. This is likely to occur at any age. Depending on the type it may be treated with medication, surgery or pacemakers. A disease called Cardiomyopathy causes the heart muscles to weaken. This disease first affects the heart’s lower chambers and ventricles them moves on to the higher chambers. It will then damage muscle cells and then even maybe the tissues around the heart. In most severe forms it can lead to heart failure or even death. The Coronary Artery Disease the most common heart disorder in adults. It happens when you have large deposits of fat and dead cells. When something called atherosclerotic plaques form on the inner walls or the arteries (blood vessels that supply heart) and interfere with the smooth blood flow. This causes a heart attack. If blood flow isn’t returned within minutes muscle damage increases. If the atherosclerotic plaques are dissolved within a few hours damage can be reduced. Stroke is a dangerous problem. It will occur when blood supply is cut off to the brain or when blood cells burst open to the brain. This causes damage to the brain cells. You will get a severe headache right away. It can cause parts of the body to become numb or weak. After you can have difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, talking or moving. Strokes are very rare for a child. I disease called Rheumatic Heart Disease can happen between ages 5 – 15. It is caused by an untreated strep throat. The disease can lead to permanent heart damage or even death. It all begins when the body produces antibodies to fight the infection, and then attack other parts of the body. It is most likely to damage tissue and valves. It can also weaken the heart muscle. The valves will thicken and scar. Always treat infections properly or these diseases can happen. Return to Exhibit

7. How to stay Healthy You must stay healthy for the circulatory system. Eating fruits and vegetables are the best. Meats give our body protein which makes our body stronger and blood needs protein. Don’t eat unhealthy foods too often and don’t eat very much fat. Fat can cause many problems but we need a little fat. Exercising is very important to keep the heart and muscles strong. Never smoke it will damage your whole body. Return to Exhibit

8. Digestive System Skeletal System Functions Parts What is the Digestive System? How to stay Healthy Ailments & Conditions Return to Entry

9. What is the Digestive System It ’s the system that makes food absorbable in your body. It gives us nutrients and gets rid of waste. Your esophagus has three important jobs. Return to Exhibit

10. Parts The saliva in your mouth breaks down the chemicals in your food when you eat. Your stomach is attached to the end of your esophagus. All of your organs work together to break down and break up food. Your esophagus is about 10 inches long. Your small intestine is about 3.5 to 5 centimetres. An adult’s small intestine is about 22 feet long. The rectum is 12 centimetres long. Your esophagus has three important jobs. Return to Exhibit Video!

11. Functions Your spit is called saliva. It takes 2-3 seconds for your food to go through your esophagus. Your esophagus has three important jobs. Spit forms in your mouth before you eat. Your mouth and teeth break the food you eat so you don’t choke. Return to Exhibit

12. Ailments and Conditions Heart burn is a burning sensation in your chest that can extend to your throat, neck and your face. Hepatitis is a disease that causes inflammation of the liver. Inflammatory bowel disease is disorders that cause inflammation and Ulcerative colitis. Return to Exhibit

13. How to stay Healthy Your body needs nutrients. Don’t smoke. Don’t drink alcohol. Don’t do drugs. Exercise to stay healthy. You should get lots of sleep. And you should control a good limit on sugar and fat. Return to Exhibit

14. Nervous System Skeletal System Functions Parts What is the Nervous System? How to stay Healthy Ailments & Conditions Return to Entry

15. What is the Nervous System Define the nervous system The nervous system is very important without it we would be hurting ourselves all the time because we wouldn’t feel it to take our body part away from it. This system is like a high way of roads in your body. The brain is the control center all of the messages get sent to the brain. Then it goes back to the part that is feeling. The nervous system is made of billions of neurons and nerve cells witch send messages to the brain the neurons join to the cells to make the nerves. There are two main parts to the nervous system there is the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is the middle of the body the peripheral nervous system is the farther reaches like your hands and feet. The nervous system controls what we do. Return to Exhibit

16. Parts Parts –organs The brain is very important in the nervous system a very important part on the brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and controls, voluntary movement, speech, smarts, memory and feelings .the cerebrum is the thinking section of your brain. The thalamus makes and directs messages such as touch. The spinal cord attaches the brain to the nerves. Nerves go down the spinal column in the vertebra to the rest of the body. There are billions of nerve cells and neurons in your body. Your spinal cord is like a freeway of messages. Return to Exhibit

17. Functions • The way the parts work is very important to know so you can prevent injuries by not doing stuff to stop them from doing their jobs. Chemicals send nerve impulses witch send messages to the brain. Nerves receive the signals from the brain. Cells go to the brain through the spinal cord which is located in the spinal column. The cerebellum controls your balance, coordination and how all of your muscles work together. The brain stem attaches to the spinal cord. The brain sends the signal that makes the blood veins expand the veins pulse/inflame Return to Exhibit

18. Ailments and Conditions • Ailments • There are many, many ailments and conditions I will tell you a few. One of the more common ones are the concussions they happen when you get hit on the head and your brain hits your skull some symptoms are being dizzy, dazed, acting silly or knocked out are all symptoms of a concussions. A stroke happens when the brain doesn’t get enough oxygen and the nerves are killed. Another condition is amnesia it is when you can’t remember stuff from a hit on the head. The fact about headaches is that they don’t happen in the head they happen in the blood cells. Taking drugs is an obvious risk of changing your brain function and they damage other parts of your nervous system. Migraines are throbbing headaches they are caused when the blood or oxygen levels to your brain drop and the sends a message and that causes the veins to pulse and inflame and this causes throbbing pain. Return to Exhibit

19. . How to stay Healthy • How to stay healthy • Staying healthy for your nervous system is all about the simplest things that you do every day. Like wearing your seat belt or wearing a helmet on your bike. Never ever take drugs it can change your brain function and it is illegal. To protect your head you must dive in the deep end of a pool only and in a lake look for dangerous objects in the water like rocks, old boards ect. . Return to Exhibit

20. Respiratory System Skeletal System Functions Parts What is the Respiratory System? How to stay Healthy Ailments & Conditions Return to Entry

21. What is the Respiratory System The respiratory system is mainly about breathing in and out but there are a few more things that connect with this system. This system helps other systems like the circulatory, nervous, skeletal and muscular because without oxygen coming in and organs they would not be able to work properly. So when we breathe oxygen comes in and to give us energy to have all parts of our body working we combine the oxygen with the food we eat to give us enough power to work. Well… actually without oxygen we wouldn’t be able to stay alive. See every cell needs oxygen/gas to form and work right but when we breathe all that air comes in and goes straight for the lungs but not only goes through the lungs but throughout your whole body. We need to breathe! We need to breathe! Return to Exhibit Video on Respirator system

22. Parts There are 11 different parts/organs in this system and if you would like to learn more you should read on. Those parts include the: lungs, diaphragm, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli, capillary, bronchi, Larynx, nasopharynx, mouth/nose, and esophagus. These parts have their own jobs to do and almost all of them our probably working fine. Most of all you should try to not just keep your lungs healthy but all parts of your body. I have personally been trying to keep my organs healthy because I have seen people who have no regard for their organs. Most people think that if you eat healthy its fine but you can also exercise and take tests for any ailments. Each part has a job! Return to Exhibit Video for the Parts on the Respiratory system Game for the Respiratory system

23. Functions The function of each part is not that complicated because even though the jobs aren’t that big, in the end they all make a big difference. First of all the parts is the mouth/nose and when the oxygen goes through the mouth/nose by swallowing it comes to the esophagus. Which the food comes down and passes the larynx then goes down to the trachea. Which goes through the bronchi and the bronchi are two small passage ways to each lung. The lungs are two organs that are located on each side of your chest and then the lungs have bronchioles which are like branchesand on those branches are tiny sacs called alveoli. The alveoli have tiny veins called capillary and the oxygen turns into carbon dioxide and comes back out. Oxygen is like another version of energy! Return to Exhibit Video for the function and Parts!

24. Ailments and Conditions Lots of diseases can affect your organs like tuberculosis disease that can affect your lungs and other parts of your body and more. Did you know when people smoke at least one pack of cigarettes it will take their lung years to repair? See these are the things people aren’t worrying about and I recommend people to read because I can tell them about these horrible diseases like lung cancer which is one of the worst types of cancer to recover from. Asthma is not bad to have but you have to be careful but you don’t always start off with it you can develop it and if you work to long you could have an asthma attack and that isn’t good. Air pollution can be really bad for your lungs because its makes it hard to breathe and you might not always be able to work as hard for other people and yourself. Return to Exhibit Video clip for the Respiratory system

25. How to stay Healthy If you would like to stay healthy you should read more of this paragraph to find out how. You could try to eat healthy, exercise regularly, try not to smoke, and try to keep a low blood pressure. But even little things can make a difference like if you grow plants because that gives more clean air then dirty even growing your own vegetables instead of processed. Everyone is not perfect but the can try to get better if they just do little jobs to make a big difference. I would recommend these thing even because they don’t just help the respiratory system they help others like the circulatory, nervous, skeletal and muscular because would you rather have a clean healthy body or a sad hurting body. I have had a lot of people asking me why and I say it works and if you don’t want to try ok but I will keep on doing it and I will be the one that stays healthy. Return to Exhibit Video for how to stay healthy on the Respiratory system

26. Skeletal & Muscular Systems Skeletal System Functions Parts What is the Skeletal & Muscular System How to stay Healthy Ailments & Conditions Return to Entry

27. Skeletal & Muscular System I am going to tell you some stuff on your skeleton. Your skeleton is made from bone and cartilage. Cartilage is at the end of the bone to connect to the joints. Cartilage is a rubbery thing at the end of your bone. The joints connect all your bones. Your skeleton does lots for your body your skeleton protects all the organs. Just like your skull protects your brain it’s like protective gear. Your strongest bone is your teeth they are strong so they can grind your food. Your muscles are important they help carry stuff and more. There are more than 600 muscles in your body. Your muscles even help your heart pump blood through your body.. Your muscles do more than you think and there are more muscles then you think. Some muscles you control like leg muscles but there are some that you don’t control like your heart. Your heart is a giant muscle. Return to Exhibit

28. Parts and Organs There are up to 22 organs in your body. When you are born you have 300 bones. But as you get older your bones fuse together. Then you only have 206 bones. Your back spine the vertebra is made up of 33 tiny bones all the way up your back. All your bones have an impotent job like protecting organs or just moving your body parts. Return to Exhibit

29. Functions Your skeleton gives your body shape. To move all your bones you need to use your muscles. Your muscles control your bones and where they move. But also you need joints to connect your bones together. Without joints your bones would not be connected and they wouldn’t be able to move. Whenever you move or make a face you’re using your muscles. Even when you’re not moving and not making a face your muscles are working because you’re breathing and to breathe your heart has to pump and your heart is a giant muscle. There are three different muscles in your body smooth cardiac and skeletal muscles. All your muscles are made by thousands of tiny fibers. Some of your strongest muscles are in your back spine area. The strongest muscle in your body is your tongue. Your tongue is like your teeth in a way but it helps your eat and swallow Return to Exhibit

30. Ailments and Conditions Your bones break and fracture. You can do that by bending your bones weird ways. To heal a broken or fractured bone you just leave it alone and it will form back together. When you break a bone you’re not suppose to use that bone so it will heal. You will get a cast or crutches and sometimes you need a cast and crutches. Crutches help keep your broken leg or foot off the ground. A cast goes around the spot that is broken so it won’t break it as easily. Osteoporosis is a disease that makes the bones thin and brittle therefore making it easier to brake or fracture. Muscular dystrophy is a disease that makes your muscle really weak. Return to Exhibit

31. How to stay Healthy For your bones to get stronger drink lots of milk which has calcium that helps to build strong bones. Your muscles need protein to build and repair them. Foods like meats and alternatives have lots of protein to build strong muscles. And even a good workout will help your bones and muscles stay strong. You don’t want to eat unhealthy food. Eat healthy foods. And stay active. There are many ways to stay active like walking running jogging playing tag playing catch swimming. There are also many things to eat to keep healthy all, you have do is eat a balanced diet Return to Exhibit