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The Celts

The Celts. 1000-1 BCE The Iron Age. Discuss Geoffrey. Discuss Geoffrey. Which parts of the story seem most unbelievable so far? What sorts of supernatural elements are included in Geoffrey’s story? Why did Geoffrey attribute Trojan ancestry to the Britons?

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The Celts

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  1. The Celts 1000-1 BCE The Iron Age

  2. Discuss Geoffrey

  3. Discuss Geoffrey • Which parts of the story seem most unbelievable so far? • What sorts of supernatural elements are included in Geoffrey’s story? • Why did Geoffrey attribute Trojan ancestry to the Britons? • Why did he claim that the prior inhabitants were giants?

  4. Discuss Geoffrey • How did he characterize the rulers of Britain prior to the coming of the Romans? • What was the Britons’ structure of government ? • What were their achievements? • Military • Knowledge of science/magic • Prosperity and peace: laws • What were their weaknesses?

  5. Geoffrey claims that the pre-Roman Britons… • Conquered Rome • Built 28 cities and a network of stone roads • Established laws copied by the Anglo-Saxons • All of the Above • None of the Above

  6. Discuss Geoffrey • Were the pre-Roman Britons civilized? • What were the elements of religion in the story so far?

  7. Which is not one of the three “noble rivers” identified by Geoffrey? • Thames • Avon • Humber • Severn

  8. Celtic Settlements c. 200 BCE

  9. Modern Celt An invention of the 18th century

  10. Celtic Suicidec. 230 BCE

  11. The Dying Gaulthird century BCE

  12. Hill Fort

  13. Celtic Torques

  14. Celtic metalwork and artwork often consisted of patterns rather than depictions of people of animals; this tendency would continue well into the Christian period Celts were masters of metal work, not only in the production of weapons but also in jewelry Neck ornaments or “torcs” were common Gold coins bracelets Celtic Metalwork

  15. Animal Head, Oseberg ship burial, University of Oslo, Norway Purse cover from the Sutton Hoo ship burial, British Museum, London

  16. Rendering of British Couple on Eve of Claudian Invasion

  17. What inspired Brutus to migrate to Albion? • A prophecy • Rumors that it abounded with lots of gold • His love of fighting giants • His desire to see the White Cliffs of Dover

  18. Overview • Background & Timeline • Ancient Celtic Culture

  19. Who were the Celts? • Gauls, Britons, Cornish, Irish, Scots, and more • European culture • common language • geographical dispersion • no unified political structure • male dominated but women had more freedom, higher social status than in Roman society • Modern symbols of Celtic identity were mostly attributed to Celts in the 18th century • bagpipes (middle eastern origin) • kilts • tartan

  20. More about Ancient Celts • Non-Germanic • Fought naked and with abandon • Ancient Celtic Religion • Polytheistic • Love of Natural Settings: groves, streams • Priestly class of Druids • 20 year apprenticeship • studied law, history, magic, poetry, astronomy, divination • may have been confined to Gaul and Britain • Practiced human and animal sacrifice

  21. Selective Timeline for Celtic History • 370 BCE: Celts sack Rome • 218 BCE: fight alongside Hannibal against Romans • 50: BCE: Caesar’s Gallic Wars commence • 43-54 CE: first Gallic aristocrats admitted to Roman Senate • 314 CE: British Celts attend Council of Arles • 435 CE: St. Patrick begins his conversion of the Irish • 500 CE: legendary date of Arthur’s victory over Saxons • 600-800 CE: Irish Golden Age • 664 CE: Synod of Whitby • 800 CE: Irish monks settle in Iceland

  22. Celtic Art and Inventions • Inventions: • chain mail • barrels • shipbuilding techniques • Legionairies’ helmets • Celtic Art (450-1100) • between Roman and Romanesque periods • curvilinear patters • detailed metalwork • illuminated manuscripts (Christian)

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