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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. The Roaring 20’s. Shift from rural to urban living. 1920- 51.2% of people lived in cities with populations of 2500-1 million + 1922-1929- migration to cities accelerated, with 2 million leaving farms and small towns each year.

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 The Roaring 20’s

  2. Shift from rural to urban living • 1920- 51.2% of people lived in cities with populations of 2500-1 million + • 1922-1929- migration to cities accelerated, with 2 million leaving farms and small towns each year. • Cities were the place to be. They could be frightening as well.

  3. Prohibition • 18th Amendment: goes into effect Jan. 1920, the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited. • Speakeasies: underground/hidden nightclubs where on spoke quietly or “easily”. • Bootleggers: people who smuggled liquor from Canada, Cuba, and the West Indies.

  4. Prohibition • Organized Crime: encouraged by Prohibition, organized crime grew in about every major city. Al Capone: Chicago- $60 million a year, arrested for tax evasion.

  5. Clash between science and religion Fundamentalism: skeptical of some scientific discoveries and theories; argued that all important knowledge could be found in the Bible. Scopes Trial: a fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and in American society.

  6. The Twenties woman • The Flapper: an emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day. An image of rebellious youth. Women became more assertive. • New Work Opportunities: college grads-teachers, nurses and librarians. Business: clerical workers, faced discrimination and inequality. • Right to Vote: 19th Amendment to the Constitution ratified Aug. 18, 1920.

  7. Education and popular culture • School enrollment: 1914- 1million, 1926- 4 million. Schools offered a broad range of courses. Taxes to finance schools increased. • Expanding News Coverage: education increased literacy. Growing mass media shapes mass culture. National newspapers brought big city coverage. Mass circulation magazines. • Radio Comes of Age: the most powerful communications medium of the 1920’s. You could hear the news as it happened.

  8. America chases new heroes and old dreams • Lindbergh’s Flight: Minnesotan flys from New York to Paris in 33 hours and 29 minutes in May of 1927. • Entertainment and the Arts: 1st talking movie: “The Jazz Singer”. Plays, art work shows realities and dreams, American Jazz. • Writers: fresh and insightful writing-one of the richest eras in the countries literary history. Took on issues: Sinclair Lewis, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Edna St. Vincent Millay.

  9. Harlem renaissance • A literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture. • Led by well educated, middle-class African Americans who expressed new pride in the African experience.

  10. Harlem renaissance: achievements Writers: Claude McKay Langston Hughes Performers: Actors- Paul Robeson Ethel Waters Singers- Florence Mills Mabel Mercer Josephine Baker Jazz: Bessie Smith –Blues singer Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington-jazz pianist and composer Louis Armstrong-trumpet player

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