Sustainable Engineering

Sustainable Engineering Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Introduction to Sustainable Engineering Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

What is wrong if mining of sand from rivers is not regulated? • constructing bridges, flyovers, buildings, whether houses or flats, whether for living or commercial purpose. • What is wrong if paddy fields are filled up and leveled for house construction? • What is wrong in using plastic cups for drinking tea or coffee? Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

What is wrong if the highly rich business man buys an aircraft to present it as birth day gift to his wife? • What is wrong if I air condition all the four bed rooms and the living room? • Why should the authorities deny me permission to build a house just because I have not shown provision for rain water harvesting? Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

What is wrong if I have two cars in my house? • Why should you spend money on preserving or protecting wild life? • Above Questions are from • social, • environmental, • economic • political. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Brundland Report • 1983- UN Established a commission • World commission on environment & development. • Headed by- Gro Harlem Brundland. • 1987- published findings “ Our commomn Future”. • Environmental & Developmental concerns are closely related. • Protect & conserve the environment. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Poorer countries effort to protect the environment are un sustainable. • Links environmental degradation with economic social & political factors. • Adopts a global focus. • Takes positive attitude towards development. • Accounts needs of poor in third world countries. • Constructs a three pillar approach. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Sustainable Development • “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations.” • “Cost of development is not transferred to future generations.” • Dimensions of sustainable development • 1.Social – human values, relationships. • 2.Economic – allocation & distribution of resources. • 3.Environmental- contribution of economic and social and their effect on environment and its resources. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Diagrams indicates the relationship between the "three pillars of sustainability", in which both economy and society are constrained by environmental limits. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Social- • equal access to social resources between current & future generations. • Three values of social sustainability are quality of life, growth, equality. • Economic- • Continuous improvement in economic well being. • Environmental- • making decisions & taking actions that are in the interest of protecting the natural world. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Challenges.. • 1.Increase in population.- • In 2024- 8 billion. • 2.pervasive Land degradation- • 3. Water Scarcity problems- • Population living in water short areas will increase 90 % in 2050. • 4. Global warming & climate change – • Intergovernmental panel on climate change 1.4c to 5.8 c by 2100. • 5. Increased energy demand • 6.Poverty. • 7. Unemployement & Underemployment. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

value of the environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes . Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

300 died… Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

More than 56% of people in India work in agriculture, while many others earn their living in coastal areas Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Sustainable Development • ‘Our Common Future’, also called Brundtland Commission report, prepared for the United Nations in 1987 • World Commission on Environment and Development • Criticizes • into a very limited focus, along the lines of what poor nations should do to become richer”. • Answer • “ development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

sustainable development has the following three basic components. • 1. The question of ecology, natural resources and global changes • Decades ago rate of energy consumption was not so high • But • as technology advanced & Humans grew beyond control • the effects of ecological interventions in one place started affecting distant places on the globe. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

(ii). The question of solidarity and justice, between present and future generations and between • developing and developed countries: • among individuals with a common interest; mutual support • (iii). The question of economic growth and regulation, production and consumption. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Sustainable engineering • sustainable engineering as that branch of engineering using which sustainable development can be achieved. • Engineers play a crucial role in improving living standards throughout the world. • engineers can have a significant impact on progress towards sustainable development. • . To lead sustainable development, engineers must think differently, use a different design mentality. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Role of engineering community • Secretary General of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development • “Sustainable development will be impossible without the full input by the engineering profession.” • ie. • engineers to conceive, design, realise, and ensure maintenance of eco friendly and efficient transportation system, toilets, pest control devices and processes, etc • most engineering achievements of the past were developed without consideration for their social, economic, and environmental impacts on natural systems Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Engineers at least cut it down to bare minimum • EXamples • 1. fossil fuel-based products and services • 2. riversand based constructions • 3. energy consuming processes, and so on. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

increasing stress on the world's limited resources • engineers of the future • be asked to use the earth's resources more efficiently and produce less waste. • . The four areas which we mentioned are, social, environmental, economic and political. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Three Domains Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

these three domains are seen by many as three pillars on which the structure of sustainability stands. • . If any of these three pillars gets weak the whole structure of sustainability development collapses. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Social Dimensions • Relates to human values , relationships & institutions. • Worker health & safety, • Quality of life,Impact on local communities. • Benefits to disabled. • Social concerns vary depending on the , Geographical , Environmental & Economic domains of society. • While doing developmental Projects • Protection of human rights, human health • Child mortality • Food security • Respecting the views of benefeciaries & Victims of Devpt. • Sharing of vital information. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Transparency of thought & Planning process. • Participatory approach in decision making. • In Developing countries poorer sections get in adequete health care, education & Family planning services. • Best method of checking country’s development is to check the social indicators. • 1. High school Graduation Rate. • 2. High School Drop up rate. • 3.Percentage who receive higher education. • 4. Number of homeless people.( 18.5Million houses) • 5. substandard housing people. • 6.Total population change. • 7.population distribution across geographic region. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

8. Student teacher ratio. • 9. Crime statistics by age,gender, type of crime. • 10.Ratio of local law enforcement to public. • 11. Pecentage of population below poverty line. • 12.Illitracy level • 13.Number of births to women without 12 years of education. • 14. Library circulation Rates. • 15. The Gender ratio is 943 females for 1000 males Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Economic Dimentions. • Systems human initaiated to production, trade & Distribution of goods & satisfy needs of community. • Macroeconomics- Large scale operations of economy ( Overall production of goods,services, unemployment,money supply & inflation, national dept and balance payments.) • Microeconomics- Deals with operations of particular industry.( Prices & Production Process). • Regarding Sustainability following points are to be considered • 1.Continious improvement in economic wellbeing • 2.creation of new market for growth • 3.Investment in infrastructure • 4.Greater economic equality. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

5 Efficient use of renewable resources. • 6 Cost reduction through efficiency improvements. • 7 Renewable energy & rawmaterial input. • 8 Creation of value added products. • 9 Protection of commercial rights. • 10 Reducing international trade barriers. • 11 Green business opportunities. • 12 Accontability & responsability of economic decision makers.sharing of commercial information. • 13 Transparency of thought & planning process. • 14 Participatory approach in developing economic policies. • 15 Fair & equal acess to information & knowledge. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

GDP measure- Helps to measure the economic output of the country. (India-7.9 %) • Below written potential economic indicators link between social & economic sectors. • Unemployment rate • Distribution of income • Sectrol distribution of jobs • Distribution of housing • Median value of land • Net change in number of jobs. • Age distribution. • Vacancy rate in housing & commercial structures. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Environmental: • . Many things (devices, systems, projects, etc.) are proposed, designed, developed • Environmental concerns are similar in developed & developing countries • improved living comfort. • Brundtland said • The environment does not exist as a sphere separate from human actions, ambitions, and needs and attempts to defend it in isolation from human concerns have given the very word “environment” a connotation of naivety in some political circles. … But the “environment” is where we live. In fact, we are part of the environment. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

The word environment means surroundings • It refers to both abiotic (physical or non-living) and biotic (living) environment. • Human beings interact with the environment more vigorously than other living beings • Interactions, aided by modern technology, keep disturbing and destroying the environment. • Eg: Clean air,safe drinking water,renewable energy. • Some environmental issues are localised but ... • Eg: land , soil,forest,ocean ,river. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORLAIL

Sustainable Engineering