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Jefferson’s Presidency

Jefferson’s Presidency. Mrs. Ingram. New Policies. When Jefferson took office, his followers preached a ‘republican revolution’ in governmental policies. This was because of his governmental practices. Jefferson’s main goal was to bring down federal debt .

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Jefferson’s Presidency

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  1. Jefferson’s Presidency Mrs. Ingram

  2. New Policies • When Jefferson took office, his followers preached a ‘republican revolution’ in governmental policies. • This was because of his governmental practices. • Jefferson’s main goal was to bring down federal debt. • He cut the debt from $80 mil to $59 mil.

  3. John Marshall • John Marshall became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when Jefferson took office. • In his 35 years, he heard over 1,000 cases and set 4 main precedents that would define his legacy. • Power of judicial review– review acts of Congress; • Federal laws were superior to state laws; • Believed in the implied powers of the Constitution; • Believed in limiting the power of state gov to interfere in business contracts.

  4. Marbury v. Madison (1803) • First court case to assert the power of judicial review. • William Marbury was appointed under John Adams as one of his ‘midnight judges’. • His papers were not delivered by Jefferson’s Secretary of State, James Madison. • Marbury claimed the Supreme Court had the power to order Madison to deliver his papers under the Judiciary Act of 1789; Marshall disagreed. • This is the only time Marshall declared a federal law (JA 1789) unconstitutional.

  5. The Nation Expands • Since one of the Democratic-Republican ideals was an economy based on farming, Jefferson saw a need for increased area to grow these crops on. • Jefferson sought to expand to the Pacific, first conquering the Louisiana Territory owned by Spain. • However, Napoleon had claimed the land from Spain, making it much more difficult to claim (Jefferson thought). • The Haitian rebellion had squashed France’s dreams of establishing a colony in North America. • Jefferson purchased the territory from France for $15 million. He then sent two men (Meriwether Lewis and William Clark) to explore the new land.

  6. Foreign Problems • Jefferson had to send a small navy to northern Africa to stop the Barbary pirates from seizing American ships. • The U.S. needed overseas markets to sell their surpluses of goods. • The U.S. adopted a policy of re-export, in which American ships would bring French goods from the Caribbean to the U.S. be re-labelled as American, and sent overseas past the British blockade. • The U.S. became Britain’s greatest market competition, and aided the French economy.

  7. Foreign Problems (cont’d) • Jefferson also faced the problem of British ships seizing U.S. merchants and forcing them to serve in the British military. • This was known as impressment. • The problems with the British grew, and Jefferson knew the U.S.’ navy was not strong enough to take on Great Britain’s. • Jefferson asked Congress for an embargo (a stoppage in trade) on Great Britain. • Great Britain was able to start a successful trade with South America, so U.S. merchants suffered most of all.

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