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Retaking Europe

Retaking Europe. World War II. Warm-up. Match the following; Montgomery A. Allied commander 2. Patton B. Invasion of Italy 3. Rommel C. British Comm. In Africa 4. Eisenhower D. German Comm. In Africa. Warm-up. Match the following; Operation Overlord A. Russia

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Retaking Europe

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  1. Retaking Europe World War II

  2. Warm-up Match the following; Montgomery A. Allied commander 2. Patton B. Invasion of Italy 3. Rommel C. British Comm. In Africa 4. Eisenhower D. German Comm. In Africa

  3. Warm-up Match the following; Operation Overlord A. Russia 2. Operation Barbarossa B. Italy 3. Operation Torch C. Africa

  4. RETAKING EUROPE The liberation of Europe from Axis control and the defeat of Hitler’s Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy

  5. The Atlantic Charter • Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt met in August, 1941 (in secret aboard the HMS Prince of Wales) to decide their goals for the war • Both sign THE ATLANTIC CHARTER • Outline of allied war goals (Later, this will form the basis of the United Nations)

  6. Battle of the Atlantic • Winning control of Atlantic shipping lanes to allow movement of military from the United States to Europe.

  7. Battle of the Atlantic • “Rattlesnakes of the Atlantic” -FDR • German u-boats worked in “wolf packs” to sink Allied shipping in the Atlantic.

  8. Battle of the Atlantic • Keys to Allied victory • Convoys

  9. Battle of the Atlantic • Keys to Allied victory • Convoys • Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging)

  10. Battle of the Atlantic • Keys to Allied victory • Convoys • Sonar • Air patrols

  11. Battle of the Atlantic • Keys to Allied victory • Convoys • Sonar • Air patrols • Allies capture ENIGMA

  12. North African Campaign • 1941: Hitler sends General Irwin Rommel “Desert Fox” & German Afrika Corps to reinforce Italians

  13. The “Desert Fox” Advances Rommel pushed deep into British-controlled Egypt attempting to capture areas of Middle East for oil & Suez Canal

  14. Battle of EL ALAMEIN • British forces under General Bernard Montgomery defeat Rommel’s Afrika Corps in Egypt. • Turning point of the war in North Africa

  15. OPERATION TORCH Allied operation to capture German Afrika Corps. American forces under General Dwight Eisenhower land to the west; Montgomery’s British forces push Germans from the east. German Afrika Corps trapped and surrender.

  16. Casablanca Conference • FDR & Churchill agreed to concentrate Allied resources on Europe first, and the Pacific second

  17. Stalin and FDR & Churchill • The Big Three.Joseph Stalin premier of the Soviet Union, Franklin D. Roosevelt President of the United States, and Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Great Britain

  18. “Uncle Joe” • Communist dictator Joseph Stalin was also part of the Allied powers. • Strange and strained alliance. • Communism & Democracy.

  19. Stalin and Western Allies • Stalin wanted the British and the Americans to open a western front in Europe against Germany to take pressure off the embattled Red Army fighting against the German invaders in Russia. • FDR and Churchill delayed because the Western armies were not prepared to begin such an assault.

  20. Invasion of Italy“The Soft Underbelly of the Axis” FDR & Churchill decide to invade the weaker AXIS power – Italy.

  21. Invasion of Italy July 1943: U.S. 7th Army under General George Patton invaded Sicily

  22. Mussolini Overthrown • Italians lost faith in Mussolini, voted to remove him from office, arrested him – is “captured” by the Germans and evacuated to northern Italy • Italy surrenders September 8, 1943 • Fighting continues

  23. Invasion of Italy • January, 1944 the Allis invaded Anzio Beach, Italy (35 miles South of Rome)

  24. Italian Campaign • The German forces in Italy were trapped but continued to fight. • June, 1944 Allied forces occupy Rome. • May 1, 1945: Germans surrendered • Mussolini was shot and killed by the Italians

  25. April 28 1945, Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci were shot and hanged. His last words were, “Shoot me in the chest.”

  26. War in the Soviet Union OPERATION BARBAROSSA June 22, 1941: Hitler broke the Non-Aggression Pact & invaded the Soviet Union HITLER’S GREATEST MISTAKE DURING THE WAR. (Two-front war)

  27. Stalin orders a scorched earth policy destroy everything that might be useful to the enemy Stalin asks for help from the Allies – FDR extends the Lend Lease Act to the Soviets

  28. RUSSIAN WINTER • Advance of the German army stopped by severe Russian winter weather.

  29. Battle of Stalingrad • Russians are able to regain ground in the summer of 1942 • September 1942: Germans launch fierce campaign of firebombing and shelling (2 months) of the city of Stalingrad

  30. Stalingrad http://www.stalingrad.com.ru/history/foto/zelma_05-08/assault_6.jpg

  31. Battle of Stalingrad • January 1943: 90,000 German troops surrender to the Soviet Red Army • Turning Point of the war in Eastern Europe

  32. Allied Air War • Strategic precision Bombing: planes scattered large numbers of bombs over a small specific area • Destroy specific targets (daylight raids) • B-17’s rained bombs on German aircraft factories, railway lines, bridges, and cities

  33. Allied Air War • Strategic Carpet Bombing: planes scattered large numbers of bombs over a wide area • Destroy German cities including military targets • Destroy German ability and German people’s will to continue war.

  34. Dresden after bombing raid --

  35. D-DAY The Great Crusade to liberate Western Europe from Adolf Hitler’s stranglehold

  36. Invasion of Western Europe • Code name “Operation Overlord” • Allied invasion of Western Europe • Dwight D. Eisenhower named Supreme Allied Commander in Western Europe

  37. Invasion of Western Europe January 1944 Allies begin massive military buildup in Southern England

  38. Hitler’s Atlantic Wall • Germany had to fortify defenses along entire French coast • Germany knew an invasion was coming – They just didn’t know WHEN or WHERE

  39. General Erwin Rommel • Rommel placed in command of German defenses in France. • To stop invasion had to stop invading army when it hit the beach.

  40. Where • Allies wanted Hitler to believe invasion would be at Calais – The shortest distance across the English Channel.

  41. Allied Deception • General Patton put in command of fake army stationed in England across channel from Calais.

  42. GARBO • British double agent. • Hitler thought ‘Garbo’ was a spy working for Nazi Germany. • British used Garbo to deceive Hitler. • On D-Day would convince Hitler that invasion force was going to attack Calais and force at Normandy was a diversion.

  43. OVERLOARD

  44. OPERATION OVERLORAD

  45. OPERATION OVERLORD • Airborne divisions drop behind German defenses and cut off German reinforcements from interior.

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