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INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE. ENTRY AND MULTIPLICATION OF ORGANISM RESULTS IN DISEASE COLONIZATION OCCURS WHEN A MICROORGANISM INVADES THE HOST BUT DOES NOT CAUSE INFECTION (INJURY TO CELLS) COMMUNICABLE DISEASE. CHAIN OF INFECTION. INFECTIOUS AGENT OR PATHOGEN

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INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

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  1. INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

  2. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE • ENTRY AND MULTIPLICATION OF ORGANISM RESULTS IN DISEASE • COLONIZATION OCCURS WHEN A MICROORGANISM INVADES THE HOST BUT DOES NOT CAUSE INFECTION (INJURY TO CELLS) • COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

  3. CHAIN OF INFECTION • INFECTIOUS AGENT OR PATHOGEN • ENDOTOXINS • EXOTOXINS • SEE TABLE 29-1 PAGE 508 IGNATAVICIUS • SEE TABLE 33-1 PAGE 775 POTTER & PERRY • RESERVOIR OR SOURCE OF PATHOGEN GROWTH • CARRIERS

  4. CHAIN OF INFECTION • PORTAL OF EXIT • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • DIRECT OR INDIRECT • DROPLET • AIR • VECTOR • VEHICLES

  5. CHAIN OF INFECTION • PORTAL OF ENTRY • (MAY BE THE SAME AS PORTAL OF EXIT) • SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

  6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST FACTORS

  7. INFECTIOUS PROCESS • INCUBATION PERIOD • PRODROMAL STAGE • ILLNESS STAGE • CONVALESCENCE

  8. INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS • PRIONS • VIRUSES • BACTERIA • FUNGI • PROTOZOA • HELMINTHS • MYCOPLASMS • RICKETTSIAE

  9. PORTAL OF ENTRY • RESPIRATORY • GI • GU • SKIN • MUCOS MEMBRANE • BLOOD STREAM

  10. DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTIONNON-SPECIFIC DEFENSES • NORMAL FLORA • BODY TISSUE • ORGAN SYSTEM DEFENSE • RESPIRATORY • GI • GU

  11. INFECTIOUS PROCESS • LOCALIZED • SYSTEMIC • PATHOGENICITY

  12. DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTIONNON-SPECIFIC DEFENSE • INFLAMMATION • PHAGOCYTOSIS • VASCULAR AND CELLULAR RESPONSE • EDEMA • PHAGOCYTOSIS • LEUKOCYTOSIS • INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE • SEROUS • SANGUINOUS • PURULENT

  13. SPECIFIC DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION • CELL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY • ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

  14. HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION (NOSOCOMIAL) • INFECTIONS ACQUIRED BY THE PATIENT IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING WHICH WERE NOT PRESENT AT ADMISSION • EXOGENOUS • ENDOGENOUS • IATROGENIC

  15. METHODS OF INFECTION CONTROL • HAND HYGIENE • GLOVES • CDC GUIDELINES FOR DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION • STANDARD, AIRBORNE, DROPLET, CONTACT • STANDARD PRECAUTIONS FOR ALL MODES OF TRANSMISSION

  16. ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED INFECTION • REVIEW OF PAST DISEASES • TRAVEL HISTORY • IMMUNIZATION HISTORY • STATUS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM • PATIENT SUSCEPTIBILITY • CLINICAL APPEARANCE AND MANIFESTATIONS

  17. LAB TESTING • CULTURE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTING • CBC • ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTARY RATE • WBC WITH DIFFERENTIAL • IRON LEVELS

  18. LAB TESTING • SEROLOGIC TESTING • RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT

  19. NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND PLANNING • NANDA APPROVED DIAGNOSIS • GOALS AND OUTCOMES • MEASURABLE • REALISTIC • PRIORITIES

  20. INTERVENTIONS • MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS • CONTROL/ELIMINATION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS • CONTROL/ELIMINATION OF: • MODES OF TRANSMISSION • PORTALS OF ENTRY • RESERVOIRS • HAND HYGIENE (HCP, PATIENT, FAMILY)

  21. INTERVENTIONS • ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS • HYPERTHERMIA INTERVENTION • ELIMINATE UNDERLYING CAUSE • FEVER MANAGEMENT • HEALTH TEACHING • ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY • PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT • HEALTH CARE RESOURCES

  22. EVALUATION • MEASURE SUCCESS OF INFECTION CONTROL TECHNIQUES • COMPARE PATIENT’S RESPONSE TO ACTUAL OUTCOME • WHAT WILL YOU DO IF GOAL/OUTCOMES NOT ACHIEVED?

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