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3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline

Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation June 27, 2007 Thomas E. Bludau Mgr, FTTP Business Development 3M Communication Markets Division. 3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline. Type of FTTP Network Architecture FTTP Networks P2P vs PON

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3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline

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  1. Key Decision Points for FTTP ImplementationJune 27, 2007Thomas E. BludauMgr, FTTP Business Development3M Communication Markets Division

  2. 3M Communication Markets DivisionKey Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline • Type of FTTP Network Architecture • FTTP Networks • P2P vs PON • FTTP Deployment Scenarios • Greenfield vs Overlay • FTTP Outside Plant Construction • Aerial vs Buried/Underground • PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed • OSP Network Design • Distribution Cable: Ribbon vs LBT • Connectors • Terminals • Drop Termination Method • Training

  3. 3M Communication Markets DivisionType of FTTP Network Architecture = Buildings That We Work In SBU Single Tenant Unit (STU) Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) Small Business Unit (SBU)

  4. 3M Communication Markets DivisionType of Network Architecture = Buildings That We Live In • Medium-Rise Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) • Condo or Apartment • Leased or Owned • Up to 10 Floors/Stories • 12 to 128 Living Units (LU) • Internal residential entry • High-Rise Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) • Condo or Apartment • Leased or Owned • 10+ Floors/Stories • 128+ Living Units (LU) • Internal residential entry • Small Size Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) • Condo, Townhome, or Apartment • Also called Garden Style or Horizontal Style • Leased or Owned • Up to 3 Floors/Stories • Up to 12 Living Units (LU) • External residential entry • Single Family Unit (SFU) • Leased or Owned • 1 or 2 Floors/Stories • One Living Unit (LU) • External residential entry

  5. Central Office • Contains the OLT & ODF • All switching is done in the CO • Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) • Houses 1x32 couplers/splitters • Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point CO • Fiber Terminal • No Couplers/Splitters, serves a consolidation function for 4-8 HHs • Distribution fiber dedicated from the Fiber Distribution Hub to CPE • Distribution fiber connected to drop ONT ODF OLT Fiber Feeder Cable Fiber Distribution Cable Fiber Drop Cable Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per HH with reassignables Copper cable in the premises 3M Communication Markets Division Types of Fiber Networks for Single Family Units Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) PON - Centralized Splitting

  6. TC CO ODF OLT ER ONT Fiber Outside Plant Copper Plant in the Premises Fiber Riser Plant 3M Communication Markets DivisionType of Fiber Networks for MDU/MTU: Fiber to the Premises/Home/Living Unit

  7. CO ONT ODF OTE 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP P2P vs PON – P2P Definition • Point-to-point - a network providing dedicated fiber from each subscriber to active electronic equipment located at a mid-point in the network; ex. P2P switched Ethernet • IEEE 802 EFM – Ethernet in the First Mile • Benefits: higher BW, greater security • Central Office • Contains the ODF and OTE – optical transmission equipment (DWDM, SONET/SDH) • Opto-Electronic Cabinet • Contains the Ethernet switch & fiber interconnect panels; fiber interconnect may be in a separate cabinet • Requires AC powering • Fiber Terminals • No Couplers/Splitters • Distribution fiber spliced or connected to drop fiber Fiber Feeder Cable Fiber Distribution Cable Fiber Drop Cable Fiber Count 2 - 10 per 1000 HHs 1 or 2 per HH

  8. CO ONT ODF OLT 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP P2P vs PON: PON Definition • Passive Optical Network - network in which bandwidth traveling over fiber is shared among multiple users, via the use of splitters. • Ethernet (E), Broadband (B), Gigabit (G), Gigabit Ethernet (Ge) • Benefits: no remote actives, easy to provide Triple Play, fewer ports needed • Central Office • Contains the OLT & ODF • All switching is done in the CO • Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) • Houses 1x32 or 1x16 couplers/splitters, typically • Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point • Fiber Terminal • No Couplers/Splitters, serves a consolidation function for 4-8 HHs • Distribution fiber dedicated from the Fiber Distribution Hub to CPE • Distribution fiber connected to drop Fiber Feeder Cable Fiber Distribution Cable Fiber Drop Cable Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per HH

  9. 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP – PON Standards Source: Tellabs

  10. 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Full Build vs Overlay Architectures • Full Build in Greenfield Areas • Built to serve all homes & businesses • Commonly used for greenfield applications • Overlay • For settled neighborhoods for broadband service demand and plant upgrade (relief & rehab) • Deployed alongside existing copper twisted-pair plant • Network Characteristics • Feeder & distribution plant passes all households • Electronics added as customers transition • Fiber Distribution Hub (similar to a copper cross-connect) provides interconnection between feeder & distribution • Defers capital, costs are subscriber penetration driven • Rate of transition driven by demand for broadband services and repair costs associated with existing plant

  11. CO ONT ODF OLT 3M Communication Markets DivisionEstimated US FTTP Costs per Household (HH) OLT & CO Costs per HH OSP Costs per Household (HH) Passed Connect Costs per HH 2005 - $1,100 2006 - $850 2005 - $250+ 2006 - $200+ 2005 - $1,200 2006 - $900

  12. 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP OSP Plant Network Construction: Buried/UG Plant • Direct buried in greenfield, most economical • Rear lot line vs front lot line construction • Overlay builds disruptive to established neighborhoods, directional boring used to reduce disruption Below-Grade Example • Issues: impact on existing plant and other utilities, plant locating for all dielectric cable, installation costs, ROW easements

  13. 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP OSP Plant Network Construction: Aerial Plant • Ideal for overlay builds • Less expensive on a first-cost basis • Options • Overlashing to existing plant • New pole line construction • New construction on joint use poles • Issues: pole line attachment fees, vertical space limitations, higher maintenance costs, “Mother Nature”

  14. Central Office • Contains the OLT & ODF • All switching is done in the CO CO ONT • Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) • Houses 1x32 or 1x16 couplers/splitters, typically • Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point • Fiber Terminal • No Couplers/Splitters, serves a consolidation function for 4-8 HHs • Distribution fiber dedicated from the Fiber Distribution Hub to CPE • Distribution fiber connected to drop ODF OLT Fiber Feeder Cable Fiber Distribution Cable Fiber Drop Cable Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per HH 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP – PON OSP Plant Network Architecture:Centralized Splitting

  15. Central Office • Contains the OLT & ODF • All switching is done in the CO CO ONT • Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) • Houses 1x4 or 1x8 couplers/splitters • Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point • Fiber Terminals • Houses 1x4 or 1x8 couplers/splitters • Dedicated fiber from terminal to CPE • Distribution fiber spliced to coupler/splitter • Drop fiber connected to coupler ODF OLT Fiber Feeder Cable Fiber Distribution Cable Fiber Drop Cable Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per 4 or 8 HHs 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP – PON OSP Plant Network Architecture:Distributed Splitting

  16. 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP-PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed • Centralized Benefits • Easier to test and troubleshoot • Defers investment in OLT electronics and splitters until needed • Centralized access point for maintenance • Lower signal loss • Assures higher splitter and OLT electronics utilization • Distributed Benefits • Lower distribution cable fiber count • Less fiber needed in the distribution plant

  17. Handhole Terminal CO PAD Mount FDH Closure Terminal Handhole ODF OLT Distribution Closure Feeder Closure Vault Closure Handhole 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP-PON OSP Plant Network Design:Below-Grade Branch Closure w/ Terminal • One Closure per 2 – 4 terminals • Terminals with pre-terminated stubs • One terminal per 4 HHs • Hermetically-Sealed terminals & closures

  18. Strand Mount Terminal Distribution Closure Feeder Closure CO ONT Strand Mount Closure Pole Mount Terminal ODF OLT Pole Mount FDH ONT 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP-PON OSP Plant Network Design:Aerial Strand-Mount, Loop-Through • Integrated terminal closure utilized • Free-Breathing • Requires expressing at each terminal location • Design also used for above- & below-grade buried/UG plant

  19. 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Distribution Cable Plant Design Ribbon Fiber Cable vs Single Fiber LBT Cable • Splitting tubes vs splitting ribbons • Ribbons now available in 4, 6, 8, & 12 fiber ribbons, eliminates splitting ribbons – Advantage Ribbon • Cleaving and Splicing • One fiber at a time vs 4, 6, 8, or 12 at a time – Advantage Ribbon • Expressing ribbons vs LBTs • Ribbons require less real estate in closures & terminals – Advantage Ribbon • Terminal Drop Connectivity Solution • Fusion spliced drop – Advantage LBT • Fusion spliced pigtail – Advantage Ribbon • Sparing strategy – Advantage LBT

  20. Home Central Office Voice ODF FDH O L T W D M F D T ONT Data Splitter UPS Video EDFA 3M Communication Markets DivisionConnector Type and Quantity: FTTP PON Network • Number of Connector Pairs • Central Office (CO): OLT & EDFA (1), WDM (2), ODF (2) • Outside Plant (OSP): FDH (1 or 2); depends if splitter input is spliced or connectorized, Fiber Terminal (1 or 2 ); depends on drop connectivity method and use of splitters at terminals • Premises: ONT (1) • Type of Connector • SC, LC • APC vs UPC • *deciding factor is analog CATV signals • *Applicable standards (Telcordia GR-326-CORE & TIA/EIA-568-B.3) specify connections lower than –55dB

  21. 3M Communication Markets DivisionOutside Plant FTTP - Fiber Access Terminals • a point in the network where the distribution cable fibers are connected or spliced to the drop cables. Drop cables are eventually connected to the ONT or ONU located at the customer premises. Also known as a FDT (fiber distribution terminal). • functions as either a connectorization or splice point for the drop cables as well as consolidation point for couplers/splitters used with the Distributed Splitting architecture. • typically serves 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 HHs (households) • Types of FATs • Terminal Closure – used for applications that requires the splicing or field connectorization of the distribution fibers to the drop fibers. Typically equipped with a splice tray and allow for the “expressing” distribution fibers. • Factory Stubbed Terminal –equipped with a factory installed cable that has connectors on one end or both ends. The pigtail configuration requires that the fibers be spliced to the distribution fiber in a splice closure.

  22. 3M Communication Markets DivisionItems to Consider Regarding Outside Plant Terminals Applications • Placement Location and Type of Plant (aerial, buried, underground) • strand mount and pole mount for aerial applications • pedestal and flush-to-grade (handhole) for buried/underground applications • wall mount for both aerial and buried applications • Environmental Protection • Sealed – required for below-grade applications, also used for aerial applications or above-grade buried applications • Breathable (Free Breathing) – used in aerial or pedestal applications • Craft Separation/Security – separate lockable splice & terminal areas • Separate enclosure for splicing and separate enclosure for terminations • One enclosure, splicing and termination functionality located in different areas in the same compartment • One enclosure, separate compartment for splicing and terminations • Number of Drop Terminations • 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 ports • Type of Connectors: SC/UPC, SC/APC, LC • Type of Drop Cable Termination • External • Hardened Factory-terminated Connectivity Interface • Internal • Non-hardened Factory-terminated Connectivity Interface • Mechanical or Fusion Spliced Pigtail • Mechanical or Fusion Direct Spliced • Field Connectorization

  23. 3M Communication Markets Division Outside Plant FTTP Drop Termination – Key Considerations • Type of Drop Cable • Application • Aerial, Direct Buried, Underground in Conduit • # of fibers: 1 or 2 • Armored vs Dielectric; Tonable vs Non-Tonable • Corning, Sumitomo, OFS, Draka, Superior, General, CommScope, Pirelli • Type of Drop Cable Termination at the Terminal • Internal Drop Cable Termination • External Drop Cable Termination • Location of the ONT/ONU • Inside the Premises or Outside the Premises • Type of Drop Termination at the ONT/ONU Corning Corning Corning

  24. 3M Communication Markets DivisionOutside Plant FTTP Drop Termination Options at the Terminal • Internal Drop Cable Termination • Can be defined as a drop termination method that requires that the technician to enter into the terminal or terminal closure to terminate or connect the drop cable • Most Common types are: • Pigtail Spliced • Mechanical or Fusion • Direct Spliced • Fusion or Mechanical • Field Connectorized • Factory-Terminated • A combination of the methods listed may be used • Factory-Terminated at Terminal and Pigtail Spliced at ONT • Direct Spliced at Terminal and Factory-Terminated at ONT • External Drop Cable Termination • Can be defined as a drop termination method that does not require the technician to enter the terminal to terminate or connect the drop cable. • Most common type is the Hardened Fiber Optic Connecter (HFOC) • Corning OptiTap, ADC/FONS RC Adapter, AFOP Scout, Tyco FT

  25. 1 ONT Terminal Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT F F 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced • Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal and drop fusion spliced to drop fiber at ONT • No test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (2 x 0.01dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.52dB • Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate • High equipment costs & related maintenance costs • Ability to test splice • Time to install the drop is the higher than mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop options due to setup time and time to fusion splice at the terminal and ONT • Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice on the strand • Buried/Underground – time to setup splicing equipment and bring the terminal to the splice work area. • Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site

  26. 2 Factory-terminated drop Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal F ONT Terminal 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced • Factory-terminated drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal • No test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (1 x 0.01dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.51dB • Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate • High equipment costs & related maintenance costs • Ability to test splice • Fusion splicing at the terminal requires more setup time compared to all other mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop termination methods and fusion splicing at the ONT. • Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice on the strand • Buried/Underground – time to setup the splicing equipment and bring the terminal to the splice work area. • Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site

  27. 3 Factory-terminated drop Drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT ONT Terminal F F 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced • Factory-terminated drop fiber fusion spliced to the drop fiber at the ONT • Test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (1 x 0.01dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.01dB • Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate • High equipment costs & related maintenance costs • Ability to test splice • Fusion splicing at the ONT requires less setup time compared to fusion splicing at the terminal. Requires more setup time and time to install than all other mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop termination methods. • Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice at the ONT • Buried/Underground – time to setup the splicing equipment and splice at the ONT • Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site

  28. 4 Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail Drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT ONT Terminal F F F 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced • Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the terminal & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail at ONT • Test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (3 x 0.01dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.03dB • Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate • High equipment costs & related maintenance costs • Ability to test splice • Time to install the drop is the highest of all drop options due to the setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT • Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site

  29. 1 Drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal ONT Terminal M M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced • Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal and drop mechanical spliced to drop fiber at ONT • No test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (2 x 0.1dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.7dB • Relatively low skill level required • Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs • No ability to test splice • Time to install the drop is the higher than factory-terminated drop options due to the setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT • Aerial – time to setup and splice on the strand • Buried/Underground – time to setup and bring the terminal to the splice work area. • Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site

  30. 2 Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Factory-Terminated Drop Terminal ONT M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced • Factory-terminated drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal • No test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (1 x 0.1dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.6dB • Relatively low Craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate • Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs • No ability to test splice • Mechanical splicing at the terminal requires more time than installing a factory-terminated drop. • Aerial – time to setup and splice on the strand • Buried/Underground – time to setup and bring the terminal to the splice work area. • Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site

  31. ONT Terminal M M 3 Drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT Factory-terminated drop 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced • Factory-terminated drop fiber mechanical spliced to the drop fiber at the ONT • Test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (2 x 0.1dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.2dB • Relatively low craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate • Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs • No ability to test splice • Mechanical splicing at the ONT requires less time than splicing the drop at the terminal and more time than installing a factory-terminated drop. • Aerial – time to setup and splice at the ONT • Buried/Underground – time to setup at the ONT • Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site

  32. 4 ONT Terminal M M M Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail and drop fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail Drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced • Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail & drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the terminal & drop fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail at ONT • Test access point at terminal • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (3 x 0.1dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.3dB • Low craft skill level & labor rate required • Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs • No ability to test splice • Time to install the drop is the highest of all mechanical drop options due to the setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT. However, this options requires less installation time as compared to the fusion splicing option. • Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site

  33. ONT Terminal F 3M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory TerminatedHardened Fiber Optic Connector (HFOC) Free-Breathing, Strand Mount Terminal Closure – 3M SLiC 530 Drop Slack Storage Box Corning Factory Terminated Ruggedized Drop Cable/Termination Corning HFOC

  34. ONT Terminal F 3M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory TerminatedNon-Hardened ECAM Drop Fiber Dome Stubbed Terminal FDST 08 ECAM-FD Factory Terminated Drop SLIC 530 Terminal Closure with ECAM-FD Drop

  35. ONT Terminal F 3M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory Terminated Hardened and Non-Hardened Drop • Factory-terminated drop terminated at the terminal and ONT • Test access point at terminal and ONT • Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss • = (0 x 0.0dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.0dB • Low craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate • No equipment costs & related maintenance costs • Slack storage box and time to coil the extra slack required at the ONT and Terminal • Factory-terminated drops require the least amount of time to install versus all other drop termination methods. • Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on each end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site • Higher cable costs than any other option, due to the need to storage access slack.

  36. NID ONT Terminal 1 F F F Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Factory-terminated I/O or 3mm jacketed fiber cable Drop fiber and indoor cable fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT NID ONT Terminal 2 F F Factory-terminated drop connected to pigtail spliced 3MM cable or I/O cable Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Factory-terminated I/0 or 3mm jacketed fiber cable NID ONT Terminal 3 F F F Factory-terminated drop Drop fiber and indoor cable fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution NID ONT Terminal F F 4 F F Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail Factory-terminated I/0 or 3mm jacketed fiber cable Drop fiber and indoor cable fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for Internal ONT: Fusion Spliced

  37. NID ONT Terminal 1 M M M Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution Drop fiber and indoor cable mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT NID ONT Terminal 2 M M Factory-terminated drop connected to pigtail spliced 3MM cable or I/O cable Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Factory-terminated I/0 or 3mm jacketed fiber cable NID ONT Terminal 3 M M M Factory-terminated drop I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution Drop fiber and indoor cable mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT NID ONT Terminal M M 4 M M Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail & drop fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail Drop fiber and indoor cable mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for Internal ONT: Mechanical Spliced

  38. 3M Communication Markets DivisionKey Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Key Areas of Training • Handling of fiber plant • Minimum Bend Radius • fiber, cable, buffer tubes • Connectors • Cleanliness • Safety • Laser • Small pieces of glass (fiber)

  39. 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Deployment: Understanding Bend Radius • also known as the minimum bend radius • defined as the radius smallest or minimum radius a fiber strand, buffer tube, or fiber optic cable can be bent. • varies among manufacturers, with each manufacturer typically specifying the minimum bend radius to be used during the installation process and the life of the cable (long term). • exceeding the minimum bend radius may cause attenuation (macrobends) and fiber breakage • Macrobend losses can occur in splice organizer trays, closures, distribution units, and cable plant. • current US required bend radius for 250um and 900um fiber is 1.5” (38mm)

  40. 3M Communication Markets DivisionKey Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Summary • Type of FTTP Network Architecture • FTTP Networks • P2P vs PON • FTTP Deployment Scenarios • Greenfield vs Overlay • FTTP Outside Plant Construction • Aerial vs Buried/Underground • PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed • OSP Network Design • Distribution Cable: Ribbon vs LBT • Connectors • Terminals • Drop Termination Method • Training

  41. 3M Communication Markets DivisionKey Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Summary Thank You for Your Time!

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