The Progressive Era

1. Bringing Order to Industrializing Chaos The Progressive Era

2. To understand the connection between the Progressive movement and the time from which it came. To explain how progressivism sought to challenge the chaos of the late 19th century with the scientific application of government. To compare the role of Progressives in various stations in American life To connect the philosophy of progressivism to select aspects of American life Objectives

3. Industrialization and immigration had inflicted jarring changes on cities • Changing working conditions • Rapid and unmanaged growth of cities • Decline of the political role and economic power of rural areas • Centralization of economic power • American government fashioned for a much different society • Corruption and chaos characterized the late 19th Century Industrialization, Immigration and The State of the Nation

4. How does this picture reveal the jarring effects of industrialization?

5. Faith in science and progress grows • Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory argued of an ordered process of progress- nature could be explained. • Growth of the professions among the middle class- rapidly growing in numbers and power • Growing emphasis on expertise and education • Quantification and organization • Beginnings of the social sciences • Social Gospel movement address the growing poverty of urban society. • Settlement House Movement and the application of order to yield improvement Some Trends of the Later 19th Century that would challenge this chaos

6. Large industries adopted principles of scientific management Electricity and other new technology showed the power of human intellect to invent a better community Technology and Progressivism

7. From Populism to Progressivism • Progressivism: An urban and intellectual movement • Centered on cities and urban issues • Focused on a great faith in knowledge • Considered a wide range of social, political and economic issues • Dominated by the Middle Class • Separate movement that penetrated both Republican and Democratic Parties (Until 1912) • Populism: A Rural and Political Movement • Centered on farmers and rural areas • Focused on the emotional response to needs of those who felt cheated • Considered a narrow range of economic issues • Dominated by farmers with some working class • A third party absorbed into the Democratic Party

8. The poverty and disorder of urban slums Limited power of Democracy and irresponsive government Corrupt urban government and ineffective delivery of public services (such as public sanitation) Lack of controls on producers of goods and services Lack of protection for industrial workers Lack of social cohesion (sense of community) in growing cities Lack of progress in race relations What were some of the social problems perceived by different groups of progressives?

9. How is the progressive spirit revealed in this postcard?

10. Journalists called muckrakers conducted and presented investigative journalism- exposé • In serial form… One chapter a week supported continued subscription sales • Generated anger and indignation • Focused on government corruption and underhanded business tactics • Novelists explored the darker side of American industrial society • Isolation and abandonment • Greed and selfishness How did the progressives project their agenda? The Work of Writers

11. Social philosophers sought to create and support institutions that established order in communities • Jane Addams and Hull House (poor and immigrants) • John Dewey and Education • Activists worked to organize resources to improve lives of groups of Americans • Lawrence Veiller and slum residents • Florence Kelley and Child Labor • Samuel Gompers and organized labor How did Progressives Project their agenda: The work of Philosophers and social activists

12. Local politicians would find support by adopting Progressive ideas • Activists worked to organize resources to improve lives of groups of Americans • Lawrence Veiller and slum residents • Florence Kelley and Child Labor • Samuel Gompers and organized labor • President Theodore Roosevelt adopted the spirit of progressivism and would establish many aspects of our modern presidency • Progressive government would extend from the local to the national levels How did Progressives Project their agenda: The work of Politicians

13. Human problems can be eliminated with the scientific application of order through the direction of government. Education and intellect were critical to cultivating a better society The jarring chaos and disorder of the last part of the 19th century cab be eliminated with government planning and control Progressives advocated reform from various stations of life. They would transform the role of government Progressivism in a nutshell

14. What social Problem is depicted in this cartoon? • How is this picture a function of industrialization and immigration? • How does the picture appeal to a government solution?

15. What social Problem is depicted in this cartoon? • How is this picture a function of industrialization and immigration? • How does the picture appeal to a government solution?

16. What social Problem is depicted in this cartoon? • How is this picture a function of industrialization and immigration? • How does the picture appeal to a government solution?