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LIPIDS

LIPIDS. What are Lipids?. Naturally occurring compounds Soluble in nonpolar solvents Non-soluble in water Examples: Fats Oils Waxes Steroids Cholesterols. Functions of lipids. Store energy in the body Protect/insulate internal organs Chemical messengers in nerve fibers

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LIPIDS

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  1. LIPIDS

  2. What are Lipids? • Naturally occurring compounds • Soluble in nonpolar solvents • Non-soluble in water • Examples: • Fats • Oils • Waxes • Steroids • Cholesterols

  3. Functions of lipids • Store energy in the body • Protect/insulate internal organs • Chemical messengers in nerve fibers • Build cell membranes that separate internal contents of cells from surrounding environments

  4. Types of Lipids • Fatty Acids • Waxes, Fats, Oils • Triacyclycerols • Glycerophospholipids

  5. Fatty Acids • Simplest type of lipid • Long carbon chains attached to a carboxylic acid group at one end • Saturated fatty acids – only single bonds between carbons • Monounsaturated fatty acids – one double bond in carbon chain • Polyunsaturated fatty acids – two or more double bonds

  6. Where are these found? • Saturated Fatty Acids • coconut, nutmeg, palm, animal fat • Monounsaturated Fatty Acids • butter, olives, corn • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids • soybean, sunflower

  7. Saturated vs. Unsaturated • Saturated fats are not as good for the human body as unsaturated • Unsaturated fats come in two types: • Omega-3 • Double bond is at the third carbon • Omega-6 • Double bond is at the 6th carbon

  8. Omega-3 • Found in cold-water fish, such as tuna and salmon • Benefits • lower the tendency of blood platelets to stick together/blood clots • lessens the possibility of developing heart disease

  9. Omega-6 • Found in grains, oils from plants, and eggs • Necessary for the body to function properly, however should be in moderation

  10. Prostaglandins • Hormone-like substances produced in low amounts in most cells of the body • Formed from unsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid with 20 carbons • Often called PGE or PGF • Depends on where the hydroxyl group is located

  11. Functions of Prostaglandins • Control increase and decrease of blood pressure • Stimulate contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles of uterus • Cause inflammation and pain in injured tissues • Why anti-inflammatory and analgesics block the production of prostaglandin

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