Best English Notes By Experienced Faculty Members - Vocabulary

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4. Best English Notes By Experienced Faculty Members - Vocabulary Gamut (noun) Meaning: a complete range or scope of something Synonyms: spectrum, sweep Antonyms: limitation Justice Amitava Roy, it is to look into the entire gamut of reforms to the prison system.

5. Crux(noun) Meaning: the decisive or most important point at issue Synonyms: essence, gist Antonyms: fringe This is the crux of the debate: incarceration in any form is uncivilised, especially when it is so long ­drawn ­out, and when the objective of criminal punishment should be one of reform rather than wreaking vengeance on a perpetrator of crime.

6. Axiom (verb) Meaning: a statement which is regarded as being established or accepted Synonyms: principle, aphorism Antonyms: euphemism In my view, any exercise to improve prison conditions — though not directly related to a plea for mercy, such as convicts in the Rajiv Gandhi case — must not ignore this axiom.

7. Clemency(noun) Meaning: forgiveness Synonyms: mercy, kindness Antonyms: cruelty Significantly, those pleading for clemency in this case are outnumbered, which is reflective of popular sentiment that a gruesome crime needs to be dealt with severely.

8. Rampant (adjective) Meaning: flourishing or spreading Synonyms: widespread, excessive Antonyms: moderate, mild Except in parts of Europe, where crime is still low or at acceptable levels, overcrowding is rampant.

9. Strident (adjective) Meaning: loud and harsh Synonyms: rough, shrill Antonyms: quiet, soft In the U.S., for example, which has a humongous crime problem, complicated by gun violence and a strident racist overtone in combating crime, the prison system is creaking under the stress of numbers.

10. Backlash (noun) Meaning: a strong negative reaction by a large number of people Synonyms: adverse, resistance Antonyms: cause There is also an obvious fear of backlash against any move to decriminalise what is now prohibited by statutes.

11. Slanderous (adjective) Meaning: false and malicious statement Synonyms: defamatory Antonyms: complimentary No legal system can allow false and slanderous statements to be made publicly, with impunity.

12. Connived (verb) Meaning: secretly allow (something immoral, illegal, or harmful) to occur. Synonyms: overlook, condone Antonyms: condemn, punish Investigation into the 1984 riot cases has been severely hampered by the fact that large sections of the police connived with the rioters, who included Congress functionaries and supporters.

13. Excruciating (adjective) Meaning: intensely painful Synonyms: agonizing, tormenting Antonyms: slight, mild The slow judicial process was made even more excruciating by manipulated investigation and shoddy prosecution. In this very case, a long­time Congress functionary, Jai Pal Singh, had been tried and acquitted by a magistrate’s court as early as in 1986.

14. Apoplectic (adjective) Meaning: furious Synonyms: enraged, incandescent Antonyms: amicable Mr. Dorsey’s apoplectic critics wanted an immediate apology. And they got it, too.

15. Gamut (noun) Meaning: the complete range or scope of something Synonyms: spectrum, catalogue Antonyms: narrowness The furious tweets spanned the whole gamut of indignation from A to B. Mr. Dorsey was accused of being a “brahmin ­hating, racist bigot”.

16. Henchmen (noun) Meaning: a faithful follower or political supporter, especially one prepared to engage in crime or violence by way of service. Synonyms: adjutant Antonyms: leader Investigators and prosecutors seldom succeed in nailing political leaders and their key henchmen.

17. Impunity (noun) Meaning: exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action. Synonyms: indemnity Antonyms: liability Impunity for participants in pogroms has been the norm, and successful prosecution the rare exception. The last time a person involved in the anti­ Sikh riots was sentenced to death was in 1996. But KishoriLal, known as ‘the butcher of Trilokpuri’, managed to get his death sentence commuted to life.

18. Resurrected(verb) Meaning: revive or revitalize (something that is inactive, disused, or forgotten). Synonyms: reinvigorate Antonyms: extinction Of particular significance is that this case, relating to a mob attack on shop­keepers in Mahipalpur, was resurrected after being closed as ‘untraced’ in 1994.

19. Cumbersome(adjective) Meaning: large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use Synonyms: bulky, awkward Antonyms: convenient, easy Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has long been a cumbersome and difficult procedure for most collectors, with the state simply not equipped to handle the needs of a growing populace of collec­tors.

20. Disincentive(noun) Meaning: a factor that discourages a particular action; barrier Synonyms: hindrance, hurdle Antonyms: clearance, advantage The laws that consequently govern the ownership of historical objects, their purchase and sale have, with increasing frequency, been a disincentive for the average collector.

21. Surreptitiously (adverb) Meaning: secretly, without anyone seeing or knowing Synonyms: covertly, secretly Antonyms: publicly, openly The prevalent assumption that is constantly alluded to is that every object held by an institution or a collector must have been surreptitiously removed from a shrine or a sacred site.

22. Infringement (noun) Meaning: the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation Synonyms: transgression, contravention Antonyms: preservation These announcements constitute a significant departure from what has appeared to be the position of the RBI thus far: policy decisions, especially those relating to regulation, are the exclusive province of RBI management. Any departure from this position amounts to an infringement of the RBI’s autonomy.

23. Strident (adjective) Meaning: presenting a point of view, especially a controversial one, in an excessively forceful way. Synonyms: raucous Antonyms: dulcet The strident demand to enhance flows to non ­banking financial companies (NBFCs), which was heard ahead of the meeting, finds no mention in the press note.

24. Guise (noun) Meaning: an external appearance Synonyms: aspect, likeness Antonyms: reality It is the shape and the form of defamation law that often determines whether the balance has been struck appropriately, or whether, in the guise of protecting reputation, the freedom of speech and expression has been effectively stifled.

25. Contingent(adjective) Meaning: occurring or existing only if (certain circumstances) are the case; dependent on Synonyms: conditional Antonyms: predictable Contingent reserves are intended for risks related to the RBI’s balance sheet.

26. Exodus (noun) Meaning: a mass departure of people Synonyms: departure, migration Antonyms: influx, arrival The exodus of migrant labour from Gujarat highlights the indifference of States to their well being and rights.

27. Veteran (noun) Meaning: a person who has long experience in particular field Synonyms: experienced, skilled, trained Antonyms: amateur, unskilled A UMNO vete­ran, was scripted by an unlikely alliance between the nonagenarian Mr. Mohamad and his former nemesis, Mr. Ibrahim.

28. Oblivious (adjective) Meaning: not aware of what is happening around Synonyms: impervious, ignorant Antonyms: aware, conscious The social media interrogation is oblivious to the fact that the reporter confirmed the in­formation with multiple sources that includ­ed the political leadership and senior offi­cials.

29. Ghastly (adjective) Meaning: causing great horror or fear Synonyms: terrible, horrible Antonyms: delightful, pleasant The ghastlyDasara disaster at Amritsar that has left 59 people dead is a harsh reminder, if any were needed, that government departments,have not yet taken official protocols for safety at mass gatherings seriously.

30. Seamless (adjective) Meaning: smooth or without seams Synonyms: ordered, consistent Antonyms: irregular, rough A unified regulator can thus help in lowering the compliance costs and enabling the seamless implementation of rules.

31. Foster (verb) Meaning: encourage the development of something Synonyms: promote, support Antonyms: discourage, depress An ur­gent amendment to existing laws is a need of the hour to save our material culture from being exa­mined purely from the prism of re­ligious sentiment and to foster the creation of secular spaces where everyone can enjoy and appre­ciate our past.

32. Pilfered (verb) Meaning: steal (things of little value) Synonyms: filch, snatch Antonyms: give, offer Why is there a blanket assumption that every public insti­tution holds treasures that were not pilfered or acquired through the same channels that are availa­ble to private collectors?

33. Repatriate(verb) Meaning: send (someone) back to their own country Synonyms: renewal, renovation Antonyms: neglect, abolition Is the government of India ready to repatriate the several idols in its various collections or give up the Aurel Stein collection of Central Asian antiquities at the National Museum, New Delhi, to the Buddhist communities of Chi­na?

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