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Foundations of Sociology

Foundations of Sociology. Relation of Sociology to other social sciences. Social Sciences. History - study of the past Political Science- study of political (government) systems. Anthropology - study of past and present cultures. Psychology - study of mind and human behavior.

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Foundations of Sociology

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  1. Foundations of Sociology Relation of Sociology to other social sciences

  2. Social Sciences • History- study of the past • Political Science- study of political (government) systems. • Anthropology- study of past and present cultures. • Psychology- study of mind and human behavior. • Economics- study of economic systems.

  3. Social Interaction • How people relate and influence each other.

  4. Social Phenomena • Observable facts or events that involve human society.

  5. Sociological Perspective • A person’s view of themselves and the world around them.

  6. Sociological Imagination • Ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life. • Developed by C. Wright Mills.

  7. Early Sociology People that shaped the field of Sociology

  8. Auguste Comte • French philosopher • Founder of sociology? • Applied scientific method to society.

  9. Herbert Spencer • Englishman • Applied Darwin’s Theory of Evolution to society creating Social Darwinism.

  10. Karl Marx • Believed social structure is influenced by how an economy is organized. • Divided society into two classes… proletariats (have nots) and the bourgeousi (haves) • Wanted two social classes equal.

  11. Emile Durkheim • French sociologist concerned with the problem of social order. • Studied religion in society.

  12. Max Weber • Focused on smaller groups and individuals in society. • Ideal type- essential characteristics of a feature of society.

  13. Current Perspectives in Sociology 3 broad perspectives that form the basis of modern Sociology

  14. Functionalist Perspective • Bases on ideas of Comte, Spencer, and Durkheim. • View society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system. • Society is held together through consensus. Most people agree on what is best for society and work together to ensure that the social system runs smoothly.

  15. Terms of Functionalists • Dysfunctional- negative consequences or situation in society. • Manifest Function- intended consequence of an element in society ex: Car = transportation. • Latent Function- unintended consequence of an element in society ex: Car = sign of wealth and status

  16. Conflict Perspective • Focuses on the forces in society that promote competition and/or change. • Karl Marx studied how some have power in society over others and that conflict over resources is the basis of all conflict.

  17. Interactionist Perspective • Focus on how individuals interact with one another in society. • Study ways in which individuals respond to one another in everyday situations. • Max Weber studied the role of symbols in society ex: flag, eagle, Uncle Sam etc. • Symbolic interaction- how people use symbols when interacting.

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