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The Gilded Age and Urban and Rural Discontent

The Gilded Age and Urban and Rural Discontent. APUSH – Unit 7. End of Reconstruction Pages 512-525. Election of 1868 Corruption Issues Election of 1872 Panic of 1873 Election of 1876 Compromise of 1877. The 1868 Republican Ticket. The 1868 Democratic Ticket. Waving the Bloody Shirt!.

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The Gilded Age and Urban and Rural Discontent

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  1. The Gilded Age andUrban and Rural Discontent APUSH – Unit 7

  2. End of ReconstructionPages 512-525 • Election of 1868 • Corruption Issues • Election of 1872 • Panic of 1873 • Election of 1876 • Compromise of 1877

  3. The 1868 Republican Ticket

  4. The 1868 Democratic Ticket

  5. Waving the Bloody Shirt! Republican “Southern Strategy”

  6. 1868 Presidential Election

  7. Grant Administration Scandals • Grant presided over an era of unprecedented growth and corruption. • Gould / Fisk Gold Scam. • Credit Mobilier Scandal. • Whiskey Ring. • The “Indian Ring.”

  8. The Tweed Ring in NYC William Marcy Tweed (notorious head of Tammany Hall’s political machine) [Thomas Nast  crusading cartoonist/reporter]

  9. Who Stole the People’s Money? Up to $200 million of public funds diverted to the Tweed Ring!!! Several billion today?????

  10. The Election of 1872 • Spoilsmen v. reformers. • Rumors of corruption during Grant’s first term discredit Republicans. • Horace Greeley runsas a Democrat/LiberalRepublican candidate. • Greeley attacked as afool and a crank. • Greeley died on November 29, 1872!

  11. 1872 Presidential Election

  12. Popular Vote for President: 1872

  13. The Panic of 1873 • It raises “the moneyquestion.” • debtors seek inflationarymonetary policy bycontinuing circulation of greenbacks. • creditors, intellectuals support hard money. • 1875  Specie Redemption Act. • 1876  Greenback Party formed & makes gains in congressional races  The “Crime of ’73’!

  14. And They Say He Wants a Third Term

  15. Two-Party “Balance”

  16. Intense Voter Loyalty to theTwo MajorPolitical Parties

  17. Well-Defined Voting Blocs DemocraticBloc RepublicanBloc • White southerners(preservation ofwhite supremacy) • Catholics • Recent immigrants(esp. Jews) • Urban working poor (pro-labor) • Most farmers • Northern whites(pro-business) • African Americans • Northern Protestants • Old WASPs (supportfor anti-immigrant laws) • Most of the middleclass • GAR – Grand Army of the Republic

  18. 1876 Presidential Tickets

  19. 1876 Presidential Election

  20. The Political Crisis of 1877 • “Corrupt Bargain”Part II?

  21. A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877 • Key Details: • Hayes Wins if: • Federal Troops leave SC • and LA • Federal Subsidy for • Southern • Transcontinental Railroad

  22. Hayes Prevails

  23. Alas, the Woes of Childhood… Sammy Tilden—Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!

  24. Northern Support for Reconstruction Weakens • “Grantism” & corruption. • Panic of 1873 [6-yeardepression]. • Concern over westwardexpansion and Indian wars. • Key monetary issues: • should the government retire $432m worth of “greenbacks” issued during the Civil War. • should war bonds be paid back in specie orgreenbacks.

  25. Racial and Ethnic Conflict • End of Federal Reconstruction weakens Civil Rights • Supreme Court rulings • 14th Amendment – applies to government not individuals • Plessy v. Ferguson – separate but equal acceptable • Jim Crow laws – legal separation by race • Limits on Immigration • Chinese Exclusion Act – strong limits on Chinese immigration (first targeted group)

  26. Garfield, Arthur & ClevelandPages 526-534 • Election of 1880 • Arthur and Civil Service Reform • Pendleton Act of 1883 • Election of 1884 • Role of Mugwumps • Grover Cleveland • Election of 1888

  27. 1880 Presidential Election: Republicans Half Breeds Stalwarts Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling (Maine) (New York) compromise James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)

  28. 1880 Presidential Election: Democrats

  29. 1880 Presidential Election

  30. 1881: Garfield Assassinated! Charles Guiteau:I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now!

  31. Pendleton Act (1883) • Civil Service Act. • The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform. • 1883  14,000 out of117,000 federal govt.jobs became civilservice exam positions. • 1900  100,000 out of 200,000 civil service federal govt. jobs.

  32. Republican “Mugwumps” • Reformers who wouldn’t re-nominateChester A. Arthur. • Shift to Democratic Party • Favoritism & the spoils system seen as govt. intervention in society. • Their target was political corruption, not social or economic reform!

  33. 1884 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland James Blaine* (DEM) (REP)

  34. A Dirty Campaign Ma, Ma…where’s my pa?He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!

  35. 1884 Presidential Election

  36. Cleveland’s First Term • The “Veto Governor” from New York. • First Democratic elected since 1856. • A public office is a public trust! • Actions: • Returned Civil Service to the Spoils System • Opposed bills to assist the poor aswell as the rich. • Vetoed over 200 special pension billsfor Civil War veterans!

  37. The Tariff Issue • After the Civil War, Congress raisedtariffs to protect new US industries. • Big business wanted to continue this;consumers did not. • 1885  tariffs earned the US $100 mil. in surplus! • President Cleveland’s view on tariffs???? • Tariffs became a major issue in the 1888presidential election.

  38. 1888 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison(DEM) *(REP)

  39. 1888 Presidential Election

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