World War I

1. World War I SS6H7- The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century. (SS6H7a)

2. Essential Questions • What were the major causes and effects of WWI? • How did the actions of European colonization or “empire building” in Asia and Africa impact the outbreak of WWI? • How did the Russian Revolution contribute to instability in Europe during and after WWI?

3. Coachbook Lesson 26 p. 146 Write the questions and answers on page 151

4. Vocabulary • Nationalism- extreme devotion and loyalty to one’s own country. Fueled war efforts. • Ethnic group- people that share a common culture and often the same language and religion. • Ideology-Idea behind movements or guides individuals to do certain things • Austria-Hungary • the largest empire in Eastern Europe which had a dual monarchy. A monarchy that rules two nations. This is the location where WWI begins!

5. Empire Building • 1800’s-1900s • European nations built empires to help their economy and to spread their ideas. • European nations ruled almost all of Africa. • Large portions of Asia were also controlled by European powers directly or by influencing local leaders

6. Impact of European Empire Building • Primary reasons for colonization: • Competition for raw materials • Market for products • Cheap labor (slaves) • By the late 19th century most of the world had been divided by the Europeans into colonial powers. Fierce rivalries developed between European powers over colonial territories and they built up strong armies and navies to protect their interests.

7. IMPERIALISM • European nations were constantly looking for more land to colonize. • These colonies supplied Europe with new markets, raw materials, and added to their sense of prestige or greatness. • Since Europe controlled Africa and most of Asia, few areas were left to colonize. • This created conflict between the old superpower countries of Great Britain and France and the newer rising powers of Germany, Russia, and Italy.

8. NATIONALISM • Nationalism is a feeling of intense loyalty to one’s country. • Tension caused by nationalism led to WWI. • Nationalism caused new nations to be formed such as Germany and Italy. • These nations challenged the supreme position of older European nations. • Nationalism also threatened to break apart empires, such as Austria – Hungary, because different ethnic groups wanted independent nations of their own.

9. MILITARISM / MILITARY BUILDUP • Nations began building up their armies to protect their very profitable colonies. • As the militaries grew bigger, all of the countries began to feel threatened by each others’ huge armies. • This created tension among Europe and bitter rivalries developed between the countries. • As tensions grew, countries began forming alliances, or defense agreements, to help each other out if a war started. • Many thought that this would help prevent war, but it actually contributed to a HUGE war. • One country could start a war with another, but it would not just be those countries fighting. Their allies, or friends, would have to get into the war as well.

10. Outbreak of War • Balkan trigger • Serbs revolt/backed by Russians • Austria suppressed Serbs • Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria-Hungary throne was assassinated in June 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia.

11. Tangled Alliances • Russia and Serbia were allies so Russia prepared for war. • Since Germany had a treaty with A-H, Germany declared war on Russia. • France had a treaty with Russia, so Germany declared war on France as well. • In order to reach France quickly, Germany invaded neutral Belgium . • Great Britain was allied with Belgium therefore declared war on Germany. • The U.S. stayed neutral for almost 3 years.

12. Fought between Allied powers and Central powers. Allied Powers Central Powers • Russia • France • Great Britain • Later the U.S. • Austria-Hungary • Germany

13. Alliances and Strategies The goals of each of the alliance members • Britain– maintain continental balance and UK sea superiority • France– confine Germany • Russia– expand if possible • Germany– solidify German-speaking peoples and never fight on two fronts (West first and then East) • Austria– hold everything together • Italy– try to solidify your own territory • Ottoman Turks – survive

14. Russian Revolution • Started in 1917. • February Revolution- resulted in the overthrow of the czar (Russian king) • Russians were unhappy with the way the czar was running the country and the involvement in the war. • Russia had to pull out of the war. • The Bolshevik Revolution- marked the first Communist revolution. • Led by Vladimir Lenin.

15. The U.S. Enters the War After the Russians pulled out of the war, a few events led to the U.S. entering the war: 1. unrestricted submarine warfare 2. already supporting the allied forces by loaning them money and supplies. 3. Zimmerman telegram- a telegram that was intercepted by the British that was from Germany to Mexico. It asked Mexico to engage the U.S. in war (to keep us distracted from Germany’s actions in Europe) It promised Mexico, if they helped them, they would receive the lands that were lost in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.

16. Armistice Day • is the anniversary of the official end of World War I, November 11, 1918. • It commemorates the armistice signed between the Allies and Germany at Compiegne, France • The "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month." • While this official date to mark the end of the war reflects the ceasefire on the Western Front, hostilities continued in other regions • especially across the former Russian Empire and in parts of the old Ottoman Empire.

17. The Treaty of Versailles • Ended the war. • Required that Germany accept full responsibility for the war. • Germany had to give up their overseas colonies. • Had to make their military smaller. • Had to pay huge amounts of money for war damages. • Germany’s economy was ruined.

18. International Economy • With Germany no longer a threat, Britain could develop its colonies and obtain their natural resources. • France was also able to become a dominant European economy.

19. Shifts in Borders • The Austria-Hungary empire was dissolved. • Poland and Austria gained their independence. • Ukraine was formed. • Denmark increased its sized from Germany’s lands.

20. The Nazis in Germany • Adolf Hitler, who was the leader of a National Socialist Germany Workers (Nazi) became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933. • The Nazis, gained support by blaming Germany’s problems on the ideas of Communists and Jews. • The desperate people of Germany were vulnerable to these ideas and wanted to believe in anything that was different.

21. The Man With the Plan • Hitler promised the Germans that their country would create jobs, and grow to be the most powerful.

22. Ticket Out the Door What were the major causes and effects of WWI? Causes Effects • Imperialism • Nationalism • German Militarism (Technology) • Tangled Alliances • Serbian assassinates Franz Ferdinand • Treaty of Versailles • Austria- Hungary dissolves • German Reparations • World Wide • Depression

23. Essential Questions • How did the actions of European colonization or “empire building” in Asia and Africa impact the outbreak of WWI? • How did the Russian Revolution contribute to instability in Europe during and after WWI?

24. Essential Questions • How did the actions of European colonization or “empire building” in Asia and Africa impact the outbreak of WWI? • Fierce rivalries developed between European powers over colonial territories and they built up strong armies and navies to protect their interests.

25. Essential Questions • How did the Russian Revolution contribute to instability in Europe during and after WWI? • It caused instability because people were encouraged to challenge the accepted norms of European industrialization. • After the Revolution, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk brought Russia's conflict with Germany to an end. Germany was able to re-commit troops and resources from the Eastern Front to France and Belgium. • It also led to the fear of Communism.