Day 74: Girding for War: The North and the South

1. Day 74: Girding for War: The North and the South Baltimore Polytechnic Institute December 18, 2013 A/A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Objective The students will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the North and South at the beginning of the Civil War by evaluating the resources of the Union and the Confederacy

3. Girding for War: The North and the South Objectives: Explain how the South’s firing on Fort Sumter galvanized the North and how Lincoln’s call for troops prompted four more states to join the Confederacy. Explain why the slaveholding Border States were so critical to both sides and how Lincoln maneuvered to keep them in the Union. Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides at the onset of the war, what strategies each pursued, and why the North’s strengths could be brought to bear as the war dragged on. AP Focus The long coexistence of two conflicting economic systems—planter-slaveholding and industrial capitalism—under one government ends with the outbreak of war. A month after taking the oath of office, Lincoln is confronted with a serious question: whether to supply Fort Sumter, a major U.S. military installation in South Carolina still in federal hands. Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri, slave states that border both free and slave states, stay loyal to the government, although their citizens have divided loyalties. They provide many troops for both sides, but probably more for the federal army than for the Confederacy.

4. Chapter Focus Chapter Themes The North effectively brought to bear its long-term advantages of industrial might and human resources to wage a devastating total war against the South. The war helped organize and modernize northern society, while the South, despite heroic efforts, was economically and socially crushed. Lincoln’s skillful political leadership helped keep the crucial Border States in the Union and maintain northern morale, while his effective diplomacy kept Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy.

5. Announcements Election Charts 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864-due today Decades Chart 1860’s due after the break Civil War Chart-hand out now Battles Chart-hand out now Test/Quiz on Thursday IDs-I’ll take them on Thursday or Friday, that’s it.

6. The Menace of Secession The problems with secession: 1. geography 2. national debt 3. federal territory allotment 4. Fugitive-slave issue 5. large democratic stronghold in the Western Hemisphere 6. European conquest

7. South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter Seceding states seized: 1. U.S. arsenals 2. U.S. mints 3. public property Fort Sumter-significant Southern fort Lincoln sent to provision the fort, not reinforce it April 12, 1861-Union naval force sent to Fort Sumter and the South began bombing the fort.

8. Cont’d April 15-Lincoln issues call to states for 75,000 militia men April 19-Blockade of Southern seaports April 27-Blockade of Southern seaports Viewed as an act of aggression in the South, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina joined the Confederacy.

9. Brothers’ Blood and Border Blood Border States- Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri and later West Virginia In keeping the border states, Lincoln used: 1. martial law in Maryland 2. deployed Union soldiers in western Virginiaand Missouri 3. no mention of slavery 4. politics to push the purpose of saving the Union

10. Cont’d Native Americans contributed to the war effort Cherokees owned slaves and fought with the Confederacy Most Plains Indians and a faction of the Cherokee fought for the Union Northerners fought for the South and Southerners fought for the North

11. The Balance of Forces South Advantages Defensive Fight Talented officers Lee, Jackson Ordinary Southerners bred to fight Seized Union weaponry South Disadvantages Shortages of shoes, uniforms, blankets Transportation systems Southern economy-agrarian

12. Cont’d North Advantages Economy-3/4 of nations track and wealth Controlled the seas superior navy Manpower-population Immigrants North Disadvantages Majority not prepared Inept generals

13. Dethroning King Cotton South failed in getting support from Europe England had cotton surplus Once the war was fought for slavery, England was not going to fight a war to defend slavery when their own workers were earning pennies Egypt and India increased cotton output King Corn, King Wheat-Britain needed them from the North and supporting the South would have denied them access to Northern commodities

14. Homework Finish Chapter 20 Work on Charts. Test/Quiz on Thursday IDs on Thursday or Friday