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NAPOLEON’S RISE TO EMPEROR

NAPOLEON’S RISE TO EMPEROR. EARLY LIFE. Born in Corsica to a poor family Military hero started early in his career, “savior of the French republic” “the General” = Napoleon. Rise in Military. Napoleon’s Rise to Power. Earlier military career  Egyptian Campaign :

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NAPOLEON’S RISE TO EMPEROR

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  1. NAPOLEON’S RISE TO EMPEROR

  2. EARLY LIFE • Born in Corsica to a poor family • Military hero started early in his career, “savior of the French republic” • “the General” = Napoleon

  3. Rise in Military

  4. Napoleon’s Rise to Power • Earlier military career  • Egyptian Campaign: • 1798 he was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. • Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!

  5. Europe in 1800

  6. Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat on November 9, 1799. • sudden overthrow of government • He proclaimed himself “First Consul” • Did away with the elected Assembly appointing a Senate instead. • In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for Life.” • Two years later he proclaimed himself “Emperor.”

  7. The Imperial Image

  8. Napoleon’s Throne

  9. The Government of the Consulate • Council of State • Proposed the laws. • Served as a Cabinet & the highest court. • Tribunate • Debated laws, but did not vote on them.

  10. The Government of the Consulate • Legislature • Voted on laws, but did not discuss or debate them. • Senate • Had the right to review and veto legislation.

  11. Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800

  12. Concordat of 1801 • During French Revolution • National Assembly seized church property and land • Napoleon gave it all back to gain favor and power over the Church

  13. Concordat of 1801 • Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen. • Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution. • Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest.

  14. Concordat of 1801 Pope Pius VII

  15. University opened by Napoleon • Students could receive financial aid

  16. Legion of Honor, 1802 Palace of the Legion of Honor, Paris

  17. Haitian Independence, 1792-1804 • Lead the Revolution of Slaves • Defeated Napoleon’s Army • Captured later by Napoleon • Died in Prison Toussaint L’Ouverture

  18. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 $15,000,000

  19. What kind of schooling did Napoleon support? How did Napoleon come to power? Who was his wife? What was the uniform system of laws in France? Why did Napoleon sell land in the Americas? Review

  20. “Napoleon in HisStudy” 1812 by David

  21. The Continental System • GOAL to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe. • Three edicts eventually led to the United States declaring war on Britain  WAR OF 1812.

  22. Berlin Decrees 1806-British ships were not allowed in European ports. “Order in Council” 1806 -Britain proclaimed any ship French or allied ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent. Milan Decree 1807-Napoleon proclaimed no European country will trade with Britain. THREE EDICTS

  23. The Continental System

  24. British Cartoon

  25. “Napoleon on His Imperial Throne” 1806 By Jean AugusteDominique Ingres

  26. The Empress Josephine

  27. Josephine’s Bedroom

  28. Napoleon’s Bed Chamber

  29. Marie Louise(of Austria)married Napoleon on March 12, 1810 in Vienna

  30. Marie Louise(of Austria)withNapoleon’s Son (Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811-1832)

  31. Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810 ContinentalSystem 1806: France   Spain Portugal • Portugal did not comply with the Continental System • France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal • Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain

  32. “Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

  33. Napoleon’s Empire in 1810

  34. The “Big Blunder” -- Russia • The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon. • July (1812) Napoleon led his Army of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.

  35. The “Big Blunder” -- Russia • They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause]. • The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.

  36. Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow • September 14, 1812 • Napoleon reached Moscow • The city had largely been abandoned. • The Russians had set fire to the city.

  37. Moscow Is On Fire!

  38. Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—10,000 survive!

  39. Video Gallery - Famous Speeches - The History Channel Napoleon defeated without a shot

  40. Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813) “Battle of the Nations” Memorial

  41. FALL OF NAPOLEON • Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. • Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. • The royalists took control and restoredLouis XVIII to the throne.

  42. Napoleon in Exile on Elba

  43. Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

  44. The "Hundred Days" (March 20 - June 22, `1815)

  45. “NAPOLEON’S ESCAPE • Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. • Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

  46. Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815) Prussian General Blücher DukeofWellington

  47. Napoleon on His Way to HisFinal Exile onSt. Helena

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