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West and Islam

West and Islam. Islamic world is divided about how to reverse decline and get Europeans out. Do they return to the past or adopt Western ways? Loss of Ottoman Empire (technically Islamic territory) creates a sense of crisis in the Middle east. Egypt.

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West and Islam

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  1. West and Islam • Islamic world is divided about how to reverse decline and get Europeans out. • Do they return to the past or adopt Western ways? • Loss of Ottoman Empire (technically Islamic territory) creates a sense of crisis in the Middle east.

  2. Egypt • Napoleon destroys Egypt’s local power balance. • The easy victory of the French demonstrates the vulnerability of Muslim regions. • Muhammad Ali emerges as ruler. • Introduces military reform and creates a powerful army and navy. • Tries to modernize economy through reforms in agriculture, infrastructure, education, industry. • Rules with powerful rural landlords, leaves peasants impoverished.

  3. Decline • Ali’s successors abandon reform. • Dependent on a single crop, cotton. • The Regime and elite become indebted to Europeans. • Egyptians split on how to save their kingdom. Some wanted to revert to the past. • Others stressed the need to adopt Western science and technology. Contested conservative views and literal translation of the Qur’an.

  4. Suez Canal • Europeans invest in the building of the Suez Canal. • Egyptian foreign debt and importance of the canal stimulated British and French intervention. • British ultimately rules Egyptians through puppet Khedives.

  5. Sudan • British drawn into the disorder in the Sudan. • Egyptians conquest in the 1820’s but camel nomads resisted their authority. • The corrupt Egyptian regime oppressed sedentary farmers and alienated all classes by trying to end the slave trade. • Muslims are lead by a religious figure known as the Mahdi. • He proclaims a jihad against the Egyptians and British and wants to return Islam to its original purity.

  6. Sudan • The Mahdists built a strong state with a society closely regulated by strict Islamic norms. • Europeans end Sudanese threat to Egyptians through war. • World of Islam suffers serious reverses. • Local economies become dependent on European products and demands.

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