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Current Model of the Atom

Current Model of the Atom. current model based on quantum theory electrons exist in probability clouds called orbitals electrons do NOT orbit nucleus in circular pattern How can we keep track of the electrons?. Notation.

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Current Model of the Atom

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  1. Current Model of the Atom • current model based on quantum theory • electrons exist in probability clouds called orbitals • electrons do NOT orbit nucleus in circular pattern • How can we keep track of the electrons?

  2. Notation • Shells are designated by the principal quantum number n (n=1, n=2, etc.) (bigger n means larger shell) {analogy is floors in apartment building} • Each shell is divided into subshells (called s, p, d, f, etc.) (n=1 has s; n=2 has s & p; n=3 has s, p, & d; n=4 has s, p, d, & f) that tell about the shape {analogy is apartments on a floor}

  3. s-orbitals 1s 2s All s subshells contain a single orbital called an s orbital. Every s orbital is spherical; the difference between a 1s, 2s, 3s, etc. is the size.

  4. p-orbitals All p subshells contain three orbitals called p orbitals, one on each of the three axes. Every p orbital is dumbbell shaped; the difference between 2p, 3p, 4p, etc. is the size.

  5. d-orbitals All d subshells contain five orbitals called d orbitals. The difference between 3d, 4d, etc. is the size.

  6. Notation • Shells are designated by the principal quantum number n (n=1, n=2, etc.) (bigger n means larger shell) {analogy is floors in apartment building} • Each shell is divided into subshells (called s, p, d, f, etc.) (n=1 has s; n=2 has s & p; n=3 has s, p, & d; n=4 has s, p, d, & f) {analogy is apartments on a floor} • Each subshell contains orbitals (s has 1, p has 3, d has 5, f has 7) {analogy is rooms in an apartment} • Each orbital can contain no more than 2 electrons (“spin up” and “spin down”) {analogy is roommates in a room}

  7. An electron configuration shows the distribution of electrons among the subshells of an atom. Fill in order shown (max 2 electrons for s, 6 for p, 10 for d, 14 for f) 6s 6p 6d 6f 5s 5p 5d 5f 4s 4p 4d 4f 3s 3p 3d 2s 2p 1s

  8. Give the full electron configuration for. . . H 1s1 Li 1s22s1 O 1s22s22p4 Ni 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8

  9. How does Electron Configuration relate to the Periodic Table? 10 6 2 14

  10. Give the full electron configuration for. . . Li 1s22s1 Na 1s22s22p63s1 K 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 The electrons in the outer most shell are called the valence electrons. Electrons in the inner shells are core electrons.

  11. valence electrons valence electrons Give the electron configuration, and determine the number of valence electrons for. . . F 1s22s22p5 P 1s22s22p63s23p3

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