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Harvesting

Harvesting. William H. Bohl, Ph.D. Extension Professor Blackfoot, Idaho. Bulking Pattern of Russet Burbank in 2003 and 2004 at the Aberdeen R & E Center. Maximum Yield: 330 cwt./acre. 50. 97. 100. % Dead Vines. cwt./acre:. 150. 76. 15. 2. 0. Cwt. per acre.

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Harvesting

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  1. Harvesting William H. Bohl, Ph.D. Extension Professor Blackfoot, Idaho

  2. Bulking Pattern of Russet Burbank in 2003 and 2004 at the Aberdeen R & E Center Maximum Yield: 330 cwt./acre 50 97 100 % Dead Vines cwt./acre: 150 76 15 2 0 Cwt. per acre Maximum Yield: 453 cwt./acre 0 0 8 97 100 % Dead Vines cwt./acre: 162 131 46 11 2 Month / Date

  3. Bulking Pattern of Ranger Russet in 2003 and 2004 at the Aberdeen R & E Center Maximum Yield: 460 cwt./acre 18 77 100 % Dead Vines cwt./acre: 132 108 52 19 6 Cwt. per acre Maximum Yield: 502 cwt./acre 0 0 0 3 88 % Dead Vines cwt./acre: 110 122 87 45 19 Month / Date

  4. Bulking Pattern of Alturas in 2003 and 2004 at the Aberdeen R & E Center Maximum Yield: 412 cwt./acre 0 6 100 % Dead Vines cwt./acre: 100 135 84 30 8 Cwt. per acre Maximum Yield: 500 cwt./acre 0 0 0 1 10 % Dead Vines cwt./acre: 87 143 128 65 24 Month / Date

  5. Total Yield Gain Over Two-Week Increments for the Last Eight Weeks of the Growing Seasons in 2003 - 2004 at the Aberdeen R & E Center Days After Planting: 105 119 133 147 Interval: 8/1 - 8/14 8/15 - 8/28 8/29 - 9/11 9/12 - 9/25 cwt./acre Russet Burbank 104 28 5 1 Russet Norkotah 19 2 0 0 CORN #3 103 62 27 1 Ranger Russet 117 69 11 2 Alturas 141 107 46 15 Shepody 116 43 11 2 2004: DAP – 106, 120, 134, and 148; Dates – 7/30 – 8/12, 8/13 – 8/26; 8/27 – 9/9, and 9/10 – 9/23

  6. Effect of Location on Bulking Rate of Russet Burbank (2003) Parma Aberdeen cwt/acre Day after Planting Day after Planting Data From: Thornton, M. K. 2004. Unpublished

  7. Probabilities of a 24.5°F Fall Freeze Western Regional Climate Center, www.wrcc.dri.edu http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/summary/climsmid.html

  8. Tuber Hydration Level Effect on Black Spot and Shatter Bruise of Russet Burbank at 42ºF % Damage Hydrated (crisp) Dehydrated (limp) Tuber Hydration Smittle, D.A., et al. 1974. Harvesting Potatoes with Minimum Damage. Am. Potato J. 51: 153-164.

  9. Tuber Temperature and Hydration Effects on Shatter and Blackspot Bruise Susceptibility of Russet Burbank Potatoes More Less 42F % Bruised Potatoes 56°F 70°F Dehydrated (limp) Tuber Hydration Level Hydrated (crisp) Smittle, D.A., et al. 1974. Harvesting Potatoes with Minimum Damage. Am. Potato J. 51: 153-164.

  10. Tuber Temperature and Force Effects on Blackspotand Shatter Bruise of Russet Burbank Potatoes Dropped a 3.5-oz plug one time on the bud and stem ends. Data is percentage of bruised areas developing detectable damage. Required twice as much force to develop shatter bruise compared with blackspot bruise. Smittle, D.A., et al. 1974. Harvesting Potatoes with Minimum Damage. Am. Potato J. 51: 153-164.

  11. Twelve rows of potatoes are being loaded at one time. Four rows in each windrow.

  12. Flow of potatoes through a harvester.

  13. Flow of potatoes through a harvester.

  14. Position on Harvester Where Tuber Bruising Occurs 41% Cumulative damage by the time tubers reach the boom. % Bruise Blade Primary Secondary Rear Cross Elevator Boom Smittle, D.A., et al. 1974. Harvesting Potatoes with Minimum Damage. Am. Potato J. 51: 153-164.

  15. Tuber Damage as Measured on Top of Side Elevator in Silt-Loam Soil % Bruise Tuber Loading on Conveyors Soil Loading: Hyde, G. M. et al. 1990. Potato Harvester Chain Speed Adjustment. Washington State Univ. EB 1558.

  16. Set Conveyor Speeds as a Percent of Harvest Ground Speed Primary: Heavy soil: 120 – 150% Sand: 100 – 120% Secondary: 65% Rear Cross: 70% Elevator: 70%

  17. Iam A. Farmer September 3, 2003 422 Fry Lane, Spudtown 555-1234 50 1750 4 14.8 202 2.3 1.97 12 117 230 272 12 14 1.77 117 12 207 131 12 8 8 1.77 169 199 141 18 13 1.77 8 141 166 141 14 12 1.77 10 87 128 121 18 OK

  18. Using Formulas to Adjust Harvester Conveyor Speeds: Harvest Ground Speed 1. (Distance in feetTime in Seconds)x60=ft/min  1. (50 ft 14.8 sec) x 60 sec/min 202 ft/min = 2. ft/min88=miles per hour 2. 202 ft/min 88 (ft/min/1 mph) 2.3 mph  = x 3. 2.3 mph 88 (ft/min/1 mph) 202 ft/min =

  19. Iam A. Farmer September 3, 2003 422 Fry Lane, Spudtown 555-1234 50 1750 4 14.8 202 2.3 1.97 12 117 230 272 12 14 1.77 117 12 207 131 12 8 8 1.77 169 199 141 18 13 1.77 8 141 166 141 14 12 1.77 10 87 128 121 18 OK

  20. Potato Harvester Rear Cross Determine conveyor pitch (distance between links) and number of teeth in head sprocket. Rear Cross Head Sprocket

  21. Measuring RPM’s of a head sprocket

  22. Using Formulas to Adjust Harvester Conveyor Speeds: Current Conveyor Speed Conveyor Pitch (in.) xNumber of Teeth in Head SprocketxHead Sprocket RPM 12 in/ft=Current Conveyor Speed x x 1.77 in 8 teeth 169 RPM 12 in/ft 199 ft/min  = 45 mm 25.4 mm/in =1.77 in

  23. Iam A. Farmer September 3, 2003 422 Fry Lane, Spudtown 555-1234 50 1750 4 14.8 202 2.3 1.97 12 117 230 272 12 14 1.77 117 12 207 131 12 8 8 1.77 169 199 141 18 13 1.77 8 141 166 141 14 12 1.77 10 87 128 121 18 OK

  24. Using Formulas to Adjust Harvester Conveyor Speeds: Desired Conveyor Speed Percent Ground Speed x Ground Speed in ft/min = Desired Conveyor Speed in ft/min .70 (70 %) x 202 ft/min 141 ft/min =

  25. Change which Gear? Driver Gear Driven Gear

  26. Potato Harvester Rear Cross Driver Gear 18 teeth on rear cross driver gear

  27. Iam A. Farmer September 3, 2003 422 Fry Lane, Spudtown 555-1234 50 1750 4 14.8 202 2.3 1.97 12 117 230 272 2 14 1.77 117 12 207 131 12 8 8 1.77 169 199 141 18 13 1.77 8 141 166 141 14 12 1.77 10 87 128 121 18 OK

  28. Using Formulas to Adjust Harvester Conveyor Speeds: Desired Sprocket Size (Desired Conveyor Speed Current Conveyor Speed)xTeeth in Current Sprocket =Desired Sprocket Size Use this formula when changing the driver sprocket.  (141 ft/min 199 ft/min) x 18 teeth 13 teeth =

  29. Iam A. Farmer September 3, 2003 422 Fry Lane, Spudtown 555-1234 50 * 1750 4 14.8 202 2.3 Newer harvesters generally have a hydraulically-driven boom conveyor, so there’s no need to change gears. 1.97 12 117 230 272 12 14 1.77 117 12 207 131 12 8 8 1.77 169 199 141 18 13 1.77 8 141 166 141 14 12 * 1.77 10 87 128 121 18 OK

  30. Other Places Potatoes May be Bruised during Harvesting and Handling

  31. Keep stinger as close to truck as possible.

  32. Another opportunity to bruise tubers as they unload from even-flow bin.

  33. Here are a couple of “great” places to bruise tubers.

  34. Pile tubers in stages to minimize roll back.

  35. Educate, educate, educate harvest personnel to minimize bruise damage. Shatter bruise Black spot bruise

  36. Summary of Bruise Management Considerations • Continually monitor tuber pulp temperature – ideal harvest tuber pulp temperature is 50 to 60°F • Adjust harvest time during the day to coincide with“ideal” tuber pulp temperature • Harvester conveyors must operate at speeds based on harvesting ground speed • Adjust windrower conveyors similar to harvester • Bruising can occur on any piece of equipment • Keep all tuber drop heights to a minimum • Run all conveyors at maximum capacity • Educate all harvest personnel about bruise management

  37. Thank You March 6, 2014

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