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Creation of Chinese Characters 有趣的中國造字

Creation of Chinese Characters 有趣的中國造字. Ms. Chiang Galileo Academy Fall 2004. INTRODUCTION. People making records in their daily life by tying knots in ropes or strings.

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Creation of Chinese Characters 有趣的中國造字

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  1. Creation of Chinese Characters有趣的中國造字 Ms. Chiang Galileo Academy Fall 2004

  2. INTRODUCTION • People making records in their daily life by tying knots in ropes or strings. • Legend of the inventor of Chinese writing by Ts‘ang Chieh (cang1 jie2,倉頡), who records the history in the court of Emperor Huang Ti (huang2 di4, 黃帝), the first king of China.

  3. Importance of Characters • Many dialects or spoken forms. • Mandarin, • Min Nan, • Hakka, • Cantonese, • Etc. • One written form.

  4. Six principles/六書 • 象形: Pictographs • 指事: Indicatives • 會意: Ideatives • 形聲: Harmonics • 轉注: Transmissives • 假借: Borrowed Words

  5. Create Vs. Use • The first four methods actually created characters. The last 2 principles only create new uses of existing characters. • 「象形」、「指事」、「會意」、「形聲」是造字的基本方法，「轉注」、「假借」只能算是用字的方法，他們並未另造新字，只是取已有之文字來應用。

  6. 象形 Pictographs • PinYin: Xiang4 xing2 • Definition: Words formed from things which can be drawn (animal, person, object.) • 以簡單的線條，將實體物的形狀和特徵描繪出來。如「龜」、「牛」、「人」、「月」。

  7. Examples of 象形

  8. More Examples of 象形

  9. 指事/ Indicatives • PinYin: zhi3 shi4 • Definition: Words formed from things cannot be drawn (directions, numbers.) • 抽象的客觀事物與概念，以指示性的線條符號表達出來。 如「上」、「飛」。

  10. Examples of 指事

  11. 會意/ Ideatives • Pin Yin: hui4 yi4 • Definition: Words formed to be understood easily after the pictograph and indicatives were formed. • 兩個以上的文字形類合併成一新字，並會合其文字之意義。如「看」、「森」、「信」。在某一特別含意字旁加上另一字，又可成一新字。如「情」、「清」。「伐」、「仙」。

  12. Examples of會意

  13. 形聲/Harmonics • PinYin: xing2 sheng1 • Definition: Words formed with the fact taken as the basis for pronunciation in simile and add other signs or words to form a new word. This is the most popular method, about 90% of the characters are created this way. • 一半以事務的類別作為文字之形符表示意思，再一半取該事務的語言表讀音，兩半組合成一字。「形聲」文字佔字之十分之九，是最便利之造字方法。

  14. Examples of形聲

  15. 轉注/ Transmissives • Pin Yin: zhuang3 zhu4 • Definition: Words that are under one heading and in the same idea are jointly receptive. • 一字的意思被借走或聲音轉變時，為分辨清楚，就另造一字區別。如「丁」原為「頂」意。

  16. Examples of轉注

  17. 假借/ Borrowed Words • Pin Yin: jia3 jie4 • Definition: Words formed by taken from other word according to its sound and meanings that the original word is lacking. • 本無其字，依聲託事。如「令」「長」實為引伸字。本有其字，其義不同，依聲託事。

  18. Examples of假借 • 后 & 後 • 策 & 冊

  19. Sources/Resources • http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/orthography/chinese.html • 有趣的文字, 方益霞 • http://www.geocities.com/on_on_hui/extra.htm • http://www.taiwaninfo.org/info/culture_c/aei014.html • http://www.chinapage.com/main2.html

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