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ASSE December 2013

Everything You Wanted to Know about Nano -Engineered Materials * (* But Only Had an Hour) Michael Ochs, CIH Jonathan Klane, M.S.Ed., CIH, CHMM, CET. ASSE December 2013. What’s in a name?. Nanotechnology Nanoscale Nano -engineered materials (NEMs) Nanoscience Nanometer!

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ASSE December 2013

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  1. Everything You Wanted to Know about Nano-Engineered Materials *(* But Only Had an Hour)Michael Ochs, CIHJonathan Klane, M.S.Ed., CIH, CHMM, CET ASSEDecember 2013

  2. What’s in a name? • Nanotechnology • Nanoscale • Nano-engineered materials (NEMs) • Nanoscience • Nanometer! • (“NanoNano!” – Mork)

  3. Nanoscale: 1 nm = 10-9 m • A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick • A strand of human DNA  is 2.5 nanometers in diameter • There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch • A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide

  4. Properties of Nanoscale Materials: • Nanomaterials have a larger surface area … • (When compared to an equal mass of the same material in larger form) • More chemically reactive ( toxicity) • Strength & electrical properties affected • Optical and magnetic behavioral changes

  5. Hazard Identification Factors Chemical form Size Shape Surface Area Number Density Mass Agglomeration Porosity Charge Reactivity Solubility Durability Crystalline structure Purity Antigenicity

  6. Different Types of Nanomaterials • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) • Single Wall (SWNT) • Multi Wall (MWNT) • Carbon Black • Fullerenes, C60 • Nanoclays • Polymeric Nanoparticles • Silver nanoparticles • Silicon Dioxide • Titanium Dioxide • Quantum Dots

  7. Medical app’s: • Appetite Control • Bone Replacement • Cancer • Chemical Substitutes • Cholesterol • Diagnostic Tests • Drug Development • Hormone Therapy • Imaging • Immunosuppressant • Medical Tools

  8. Health and Safety Concerns • Absorption • Ability to penetrate cellular membranes maybe able to past through blood brain barrier • Dermal • Respiratory • Human exposures to airborne nanomaterialsmust be restricted.

  9. More health effects: • Mesothelioma in mice (asbestos and erionite) • Pulmonary inflammation • Possible fibrosis • Portal effect = URI

  10. Exposures: • Need 3 different means of measurements • Mass = mg/day • Surface area = m2/day • Number = #/day

  11. Potential pathways: • Nose … • Lower resp. tract … • Lymph … • Blood … • Brain … • CSF …

  12. Nano Research at ASU: • ‘Nanoprospecting’ project: fate/transport and impact of nanomaterials (Paul Westerhoff) • Nanoscale energy transport processes (Patrick Phelan) • CNTs in ISTB2 • Others

  13. Nano Research at ASU: • AZ Initiative for Nano-Electronics (AINE) • Coordinated network • nanophotonics, molecular electronics, nanoionics and computational nanoscience • ultra-low power/ultra-high speed electronics, and hybrid biomolecular electronics at the interface between the biological and electronics worlds • CSSER, LE-CSSS and Bio-Design

  14. Nano Research at ASU: • ASU’s Center for Nanotech in Society – world’s largest on societal aspects • Research (RTTA and TRC) • Education (students) • Outreach (general public)

  15. Traditional approach to keeping workers healthy… • Regulations • Toxicological Data • Engineering Controls • Administrative Controls • PPE

  16. With nanomaterials, uncertainty creates a dilemma • Which PPE? • What Regulations? • Will Engineering Controls work? • What Toxicological Data? • Administrative Controls?

  17. Can We Manage Exposures? Absolutely What Methods Are Available? The Same Ones We’ve Been Applying

  18. Draft guidelines using numerous resources

  19. www.goodnanoguide.org

  20. www.goodnanoguide.org http://goodnanoguide.org/Nanomaterial+Occupational+Risk+Management+Matrix

  21. Do you perform exposure sampling? • Quantitative sampling have been deemed not necessary for the some risk management programs • NIOSH’s strategy relies on area sampling • What PEL to reference? • Will direct air sampling work? • Particle counters are expensive

  22. Occupational Exposure LimitsNIOSH • NIOSH RELs for Nanoscale substances

  23. Occupational Exposure LimitsOSHA

  24. Occupational Exposure Standards

  25. Occupational Exposure Standards

  26. EH&S Approach • Prudent industrial hygiene practice • Professional judgment • ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable

  27. Determine the risk level Low – No potential for airborne Moderate– May become airborne High– Likely to become airborne

  28. Determine your risk level Nanotoolkit California Nanosafety Consortium of Higher Education

  29. EH&S Approach • Regulate all nanomaterial use through the Chemical Safety Committee • Engineering Controls – Biosafety Cabinet, HEPA filter in specific fume hoods or self contained animal cages • Administrative Controls • Developed General Guidelines • Use Safer Sharps • On-going evaluation of literature and studies • Exposure Assessment through EH&S • Hazard Assessment through PeopleSoft • PPE • Lab coat • Double gloving

  30. Determine your risk level

  31. Identify the controls needed Engineering Work Practices PPE

  32. EH&S Approach • Engineering Controls – exhausted hoods • Administrative Controls • Develop General Guidelines • On-going evaluation of literature and studies • Exposure Assessment through EH&S • Hazard Assessment • PPE • Lab coat (disposable non fabric) • Double gloving

  33. Determine the Controls

  34. Exhaust Hoods Highlight: All airborne free particulate nanomaterialsshould be manipulated in exhausted enclosures Preferably Class II Type B2 hoods, or VAV fume hoods

  35. Exhaust Hoods Prefilters & HEPA filters will be serviced by vendors using bag in / bag out methods

  36. Standard Operating Procedure • Hazards • Controls • Accident and Spill Procedures • Training • Disposal

  37. References

  38. Conclusion • An effort to create prudent practices in the absence of regulation • Utilized existing and proven risk assessment systems • Guidelines at your site

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