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Transport

Transport. Plasma membrane/cell membrane. How does it control what goes into and out of the cell????. Permeable:. Can pass through. Allows only certain molecules to pass through. Selectively permeable:. BUT. Not all molecules get in the same way!. Selective Permeability.

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Transport

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  1. Transport

  2. Plasma membrane/cell membrane How does it control what goes into and out of the cell???? Permeable: Can pass through Allows only certain molecules to pass through Selectively permeable: BUT Not all molecules get in the same way!

  3. Selective Permeability O2, CO2, and other small, nonpolar molecules; some water molecules glucose and other large, polar, water-soluable molecules; ions, water molecules Nonpolar= equal charge throughout molecule Polar= uneven charge in molecule

  4. Types of Transport Active (requires NRG) Passive (no NRG) NRG= ENERGY

  5. Whether passive or active transport is needed depends on the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT • The concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a substance in two different spaces • Concentration - the amount of a particular substance in a contained area compared with the amount of the same substance in another area • Translation: Amount of something in a space (water, salt, sugar, iron,)

  6. Transport within the cell Passive transport: No energy needed Follows concentration gradient (high to low) Active transport: Energy needed Against concentration gradient: Low to high

  7. ATP Cell Energy= (Adenosine triphosphate)

  8. Passive Transport Passive Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis

  9. High Concentration Passive Transport Low Concentration

  10. High Concentration Low Concentration

  11. Passive Transport Diffusion “out” Movement of SUBSTANCE from area of high concentration to area of low concentration L H Equilibrium reached when molecules are evenly distributed

  12. Passive transport

  13. Factors Affecting Diffusion Rate • Steepness of concentration gradient • Steeper gradient, faster diffusion • Molecular size • Smaller molecules, faster diffusion • Temperature • Higher temperature, faster diffusion • Charge • Charged molecules cannot diffuse (NaCl Na+ Cl-)

  14. Facilitated Diffusion Faster than diffusion Glucose molecules High Concentration Cell Membrane Protein channel Low Concentration Protein channel recognizes molecule and allows entry No NRG required, following concentration gradient

  15. Osmosis Diffusion of WATER across a membrane

  16. Which has more water? 100 ml Distilled H20 100 ml 10% Salt solution

  17. Osmosis Water will move into or out of cell following the concentration gradient of water Where is there more water???

  18. In Pure water In STRONG Sugar solution Osmosis in ANIMAL CELLS WEAK sugar/salt solution INSIDE animal cell WEAK sugar/salt solution INSIDE animal cell Cell swells & ... LYSE (BURST) Cell shrinks

  19. In Pure water In STRONG Sugar solution Osmosis in PLANT CELLS WEAK sugar/salt solution INSIDE potato cell WEAK sugar/salt solution INSIDE potato cell Cell swells : TURGID Cell shrinks : PLASMOLYSED

  20. Plasmolysis Plasmolysis video site http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectf03am/plasmolysis.jpg

  21. Cell Size How does the size of a cell affect the rate of exchange of materials in and out of the cell? The bigger the surface area of the cell membrane, the more materials can diffuse in and out of the cell.

  22. Active Transport Active Pumps Membrane Movements Exyocytosis Endocytosis

  23. Active Transport Against concentration gradient Uses NRG (ATP)

  24. High Concentration Active Transport Low Concentration

  25. Active Transport LC HC

  26. Transport Proteins • Span the lipid bilayer • Interior is able to open to both sides • Change shape when they interact with solute • Move water-soluble substances across a membrane

  27. Pumps

  28. Membrane Movements

  29. Exocytosis Endocytosis and Exocytosis plasma membrane cytoplasm Endocytosis cytoplasm

  30. Exocytosis

  31. Pinocytosis (cell drinking) Process where cell membrane “pinches in” drawing molecules into the cell forming a pinocytic vesicle Phagocytosis (cell eating) Process where pseudopods of a cell flow around matter and engulf it forming a food vacuole

  32. Phagocytosis (Movie)

  33. What about single celled organisms that live in freshwater (amoeba/paramecium)? Why don’t they burst? Active Transport: going against the gradient

  34. Passive Transport: Mvmt of materials Without use of energy. With Concentration Gradient HCLC Examples: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Mvmt of materials using energy. Against Concentration gradient LCHC Examples: Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis

  35. Video 4 Video 4 Active Transport • video segment.

  36. Animations Dialysis Bag Experiment • http://ccollege.hccs.cc.tx.us/instru/Biology/AllStudyPages/Diffusion_Osmosis/Baggif.swf Elodea Cell • http://ccollege.hccs.cc.tx.us/instru/Biology/AllStudyPages/Diffusion_Osmosis/Elodeagif.swf Osmosis • http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/genobc/animations/osmosis.mov

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