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Nationalism

Nationalism . Chapter 24 section 3. Key Terms. Russification Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Gabraldi Junker Otto von Bismarck Realpoltik Kaisers . Setting the Stage. Prince Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe 15 years later Metternich said old Europe is nearing the end

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Nationalism

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  1. Nationalism Chapter 24 section 3

  2. Key Terms • Russification • Camillo di Cavour • Giuseppe Gabraldi • Junker • Otto von Bismarck • Realpoltik • Kaisers

  3. Setting the Stage • Prince Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe • 15 years later Metternich said old Europe is nearing the end • Nationalism a growing force during the 1800’s

  4. Setting the Stage • Fostered by some of the decisions made at the congress • Congress created political boundaries • They ignored national groups • Placed group under control of large empires

  5. Nationalism: A Force for Unity and Disunity • Some had different ethnic groups • Austria empire home to • Croats • Czechs • Germans • Hungarians • Italians • Poles • Serbs • Slovenes

  6. Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires • Austrian Empire – Hapsburgs • Russian Empire – the Romanovs • Ottoman Empire- the Turks

  7. The Breakup of the Austrian Empire • 1866 Prussia defeats Austria • Austria splits into Austria and Hungary • After World War 1 Austria broken up into several states

  8. The Russian Empire Crumbles • Nationalism broke up 370years of czars • Russification-forcing Russia culture on all ethnic groups • Helped to strengthen national feelings and disunify Russia • Last Romanov czar 1917

  9. The Ottoman Empire Weakens • Ruled Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and the Armenians • 1856 British and French pressure to grant equal citizenship • Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians • Broke apart after WW1

  10. Cavour Unites Italy • Camillo di Cavour- leader for Italian reunification • Thought Italian nationalist movement was strong enough to unite Italy • Founded nationalist newspaper Il Risorgimento (rebirth)

  11. Cavour Unites Italy • 1852 • Cavour becomes prime minister • Believe thriving economy was important • Believed Italy should be a monarchy • Supported France in its war with Russia

  12. Cavour Unites Italy • France supported them with the war with Austria • 1860 northern Italian states were liberated from Austria

  13. Garibaldi Brings Unity • Giuseppe Garibaldi- was called the sword of Italy • 1833 joined the Young Italy movement • Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South America • Returned to Italy in 1854

  14. Garibaldi Brings Unity • Named after their colorful uniforms • Using guerilla warfare gained control of Sicily in 1860 • Cavour annexed territory in central Italy • 1870 French forced to withdraw troops from Rome

  15. The Red Shirts • Garibaldi agrees to unite southern areas • Conquers Piedmont-Sardinia • Italian troops enter Rome • Italy unified • King Victor Emanuel their leader

  16. Steps Towards Unification • 1848 Italy and Germany not a unified nation • Napoleon nurtured Nationalism when he united the German states into a confederation • 39 separate states with a common language and culture were poised to unite

  17. Bismarck Unites Germany • Revolution swept through Europe in 1848 • German liberals revolted in Prussia • Support a republic or constitutional monarchy • German unity should promote individual rights and liberal reforms

  18. Bismarck Takes Control • Junker- strongly conservative member of Prussia’s wealthy landowning families • Leading force in unification • 1847 becomes prominent in politics • 1862 Wilhelm I chose Bismarck as Prussia’s Prime Minister

  19. Bismarck Takes Control • Was not a liberal • Supported the King of Prussia • Prussia’s destiny to lead German unification • Bismarck philosophy was practical rather than idealistic • Realpolitik- policies based on Prussian interests

  20. Bismarck Takes Control • Argued German unity would not be won by speeches and majority vote but by “blood and iron” • Liberal parliament would not approve funds for the military • He dismissed the assembly and collected the taxes anyway

  21. Prussia Expands • Built up the Prussian Army • 1864 formed and alliance with Austria against Denmark • Schelswig and Holstein should be controlled German Federation • After a fight Denmark gave the territory to Austria and Prussia

  22. The Seven Weeks’ War • Met with Italy for support • Promised land (Venetia) • Persuaded Napoleon III to keep France neutral • To provoke Austria sent troops into Holstein • Austria declared war on Prussia

  23. The Austro-Prussian War • Prussia’s king Wilhelm blamed Austria for starting the war • Highly skilled and well equipped Prussian army defeats Austrians in seven weeks • Austro-Prussian War dissolved the German Confederation • Forced Austria to surrender Holstein

  24. The Franco-Prussian War • Only three states out of Prussian control • Another war needed to include southern states • 1870 conflict brewing with France • Alsace and Lorraine sparked feeling of nationalism in southern German states

  25. The Franco-Prussian War • These states supported Prussia and the north German states in a war against France • 1871 Bismarck secured a Prussian victory • Prussia won the war • The peace treaty declared the unification of Germany

  26. Creating the German Empire • Victory established a unified German Empire • Allied German states met a Versailles • Proclaimed Wilhelm I the first kaiser or emperor • Bismarck the first chancellor • Germany rose in power

  27. The Empire’s Growth and Change • 1871 Germany prospered • Second Reich • Holy Roman Empire was the First Reich

  28. Bismarck and the Wilhelm II • Bismarck did not want to expand German borders • He did not believe France was a threat • Entered into numerous alliances • Austria, Hungary • Italy and Russia • Protect each other from attack

  29. A Shift in Power • 1815 Congress of Vienna established 5 Great Power in Europe • 1815 Great Powers equal in strength • 1871 Germany and Britain the most powerful militarily and economically

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