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Disease Risks Associated with Hatcheries in the Willamette River Basin

Disease Risks Associated with Hatcheries in the Willamette River Basin . Michelle Jakaitis, Sean Roon , Sascha Hallett , Jerri Bartholomew Department of Microbiology Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Year 2 2011-2012. Who ’ s Involved? . OSU: Project Leader: Jerri Bartholomew

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Disease Risks Associated with Hatcheries in the Willamette River Basin

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  1. Disease Risks Associated with Hatcheries in the Willamette River Basin Michelle Jakaitis, Sean Roon, Sascha Hallett, Jerri Bartholomew Department of Microbiology Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Year 2 2011-2012

  2. Who’s Involved? OSU: Project Leader: Jerri Bartholomew Research Associate: SaschaHallett Research Associate: Richard Holt Graduate Student: Michelle Jakaitis (ODFW) Sean Roon ODFW: Pathology assistance: Craig Banner, Tony Amandi, Jerry Jones, John Kaufman, Leslie Lindsay Fish collection: Kirk Schroeder, Luke Whitman, Brian Cannon, Paul Olmstead, collection teams Hatcheries: Leaburg, McKenzie, Dexter, S. Santiam, Willamette, Marion Forks Data sharing: Carl Schreck, Mike Kent – adult prespawn mortality project

  3. Pathogens and Hatcheries: What are the risks? Real and Perceived • Introduction of pathogens into the hatchery • incoming water supply unprotected and contains fish • hatcheries can serve as indicators of pathogens in wild populations • transfers of fish from other locations • Amplification of pathogens within the hatchery • Release of pathogens from hatcheries • directly in effluent • released infected fish interacting with wild fish • Pathogen dissemination between watersheds • stocking, natural migration or straying • Amplification of pathogens outside hatchery • high numbers adult salmon returning to hatchery

  4. Willamette River Basin • Variety of pathogens associated with disease outbreaks in hatcheries in the Willamette River system • ODFW pathology records • Pathogens in returning adult salmon well documented • All, except Willamette Hatchery, use surface water that adult salmon migrate through • Water treatment is limited: • Leaburg Hatchery (UV treatment of inflow to hatch house) • Willamette Hatchery (potential for UV treatment of effluent from the egg incubation/isolation facility)

  5. Aim Michelle Jakaitis – hatcheries and pathogen transmission Sean Roon – pathogens in wild fish Sascha Hallett – detection of pathogens Evaluate risk of pathogen transmission between naturally and hatchery reared populations

  6. Aim • Test for pathogens above, below, and within hatchery water supplies • Examine abundance, spatial and temporal distribution Evaluate risk of pathogen transmission between naturally and hatchery reared populations

  7. Which Pathogens? We have selected pathogens that have caused present and past disease problems, and are projected to be a problem in the future Flavobacterium psychrophilum Bacterial Coldwater Disease Aeromonas salmonicida Furunculosis Renibacterium salmoninarum Bacterial Kidney Disease Flavobacterium columnare Columnaris Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV)

  8. Methods How do we measure/detect pathogens? • Sentinel Fish • Water sampling • Wild Fish Survey We use quantitative and qualitative methods to examine pathogen presence, abundance, and transmission • What’s in the water?

  9. Willamette River Basin • McKenzie • Leaburg • Dexter • South Santiam • Marion Forks • Willamette Where? Portland 3 hatcheries • McKenzie • Leaburg • Dexter Eugene Willamette

  10. Summer 2012 • Sentinel Fish • Hatchery Epizootics • Water Sampling

  11. Hatchery Baseline Monitoring Previous year: Seasonal Monitoring This year: 2 month, continuous fish exposure at Leaburg, Dexter, and McKenzie = 3,500 fish Fish monitored for 30 days

  12. Hatchery Outbreaks 1,800 sentinel fish exposed

  13. Dexter:Columnaris, Furunculosis Outbreak

  14. McKenzie: Coldwater, EIBSV

  15. Water Sampling:Bacterial Plating Can we detect differences in the water?

  16. Outbreaks: Bacterial Plating • Water samples streaked on bacterial media • Also filtered for qPCR analysis. Can we detect the pathogen, and are there site differences?

  17. Water Sampling:Viral Pathogens South Santiam McKenzie Can we detect environmental viruses?

  18. Water Sampling: Virus detectionTangential Flow Filtration (TFF) • South Santiam: IHNV • McKenzie: EIBSV 10 L 100 mL Pre-Filtration Post-Filtration 10 to 16 hrs later…

  19. What is the risk of pathogen transmission?In Progress Baseline monitoring: • Little difference in pathogen transmission above and below Disease Outbreaks Currently analyzing

  20. Where do we go from here? Hatchery Risk Assessment Historical Analyses Sentinel Fish Exposures Lab-Based Experiments Molecular Detection Hatchery Design

  21. Sean Roon Hatchery Pathogen Risk:Wild Fish Sampling Summer 2012 Funded by

  22. Assessing Pathogen Risks in Willamette • Hatcheries use the same water as naturally reared populations • Natural pathogen flow may influence outbreaks in hatcheries and effluent may cause impact on wild fish populations • Objectives • Obtain baseline health status of naturally reared populations in proximity to hatcheries • Compare parasites and pathogens found in naturally reproducing/wild populations, sentinel fish and water with those present in the hatcheries

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