PhD unit in Technology, , creativity and innovation

1. School of Entrepreneurship, Procurement and Management (SEPM); Department of Entrepreneurship and Technology, Leadership and Management (ETLM) PhD unit in Technology, , creativity and innovation Prof. Henry M. Bwisa bwihem@yahoo.com www.professorbwisa.com www.mukmik.co.ke HEPM 3112. Prof. Bwisa

2. FIRST THINGS FIRST Prof. Bwisa H. M.

3. LET’S START BY SEARCHING FOR A DEFINITION FOR PhD

4. I spotted these street definitions …. Harare Gaborone Nairobi P h D Pull Pengine Permanent head hana her Dikri Down Damage Prof. Bwisa H. M.

5. On a more serious note we discovered that a Ph.D. is… • 1:A degree signifying expertise • Signifies the capability to conduct research • Some positions (e.g., professor, research scientist, managers at govt labs, etc.) only hire Ph.D.’s • An entry card into a community of experts in some “area” • By the time one graduates with a PhD, one is known and respected as an expert in that area • What is an expert? Someone who knows more about some topic than anyone else (in the world!!!!!) Prof. Bwisa H. M.

6. What is a Ph.D? • 2: An opportunity for a certain lifestyle • To think for a living • To make a large impact on something • To be your own boss • Flexible hours • Flexible pace • Flexible topic • To travel • To constantly learn and attack new challenges • To make decent money Prof. Bwisa H. M.

7. So, what does PhD entail??? • To earn a Ph.D., one must accomplish two things: (1) master a specific subject completely, and (2) extend the body of knowledge about that subject. • To master a subject, a student searches the published literature to find and read everything that has been written about the subject. • The essence of a Ph.D., the aspect that distinguishes Ph.D. study from other academic work, can be summarized in a single word: research. • To extend knowledge, one must explore, investigate and contemplate. Prof. Bwisa H. M.

8. For PhD, Knowledge Production and Dissemination is key…. Individuals with a PhD: produce (research) and disseminate (teach) knowledge. Their pursuit of either may be mainly for the sake of (a) understanding, (b) use, or (c) a combination of (a) and (b). • Whatever the case PhD holders are the knowledge producers ; they are expected to live and work on the cutting edge, the frontiers of our knowledge. Prof. Bwisa H. M.

9. What can one do with a Ph.D.? • Academia • Research faculty • Faculty at teaching university/college • Industrial research lab • National labs (government) • Management consulting • Start a company • Endofthinking capacity Prof. Bwisa H. M.

10. The philosophy and approach of this course The course will be conducted on Confucius’ (450 BC) philosophy of: • I hear and I forget • I see and I remember • I do and I understand Prof. Bwisa H. M.

11. THERE IS A CONE OF LEARNING THEORY AND MODEL DEVELOPED IN 1946 BY THE GREAT EDUCATOR DALE EDGAR Prof. Bwisa H. M.

12. I HEAR AND I FORGET I SEE AND I REMEMBER I DO AND I UNDERSTAND Prof. Bwisa H. M.

13. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING DEVELOPED BY DAVID KOLB IN THE 1970S AND PUBLISHED IN 1984 WHEN I WAS MIDWAY MY PhD Prof. Bwisa H. M.

14. Teaching methodologies: Lecturers, group work and case studies. •  Instruction materials/equipment: Lecturer manuals, Flip charts, Whiteboard, relevant computer soft and hardware. 1 EXPERIENCE the activity; perform, do it 5 APPLY what was learned to a similar or different situation; practice 2 SHARE the results, reactions, and observations publicly Do Reflect Apply 3 PROCESS by discussing, locking at the experience; analyze, reflect 4 GENERALIZE to connect the experience to real world examples Experiential Learning Model Prof. Bwisa H. M.

15. GUIDED BY CONFUCIUS, DALE AND KOLB PHILOSOPHIES Prof. Bwisa H. M.

16. Your assignments • Technology is developed by people to modify their environment. To develop the technology creativity is required. The technology developed must continuously serve the people. This requires continuous innovations

17. For your CAT • In a group of not more than two, You will creatively use the SCAMPER creativity technique to design an innovative solution to an identified problem and present it in class. The innovation must be patentable.

18. For your end of semester examination Working in the same groups you will apply the Rogers’ innovation characteristics to justify that the innovation will be adopted by consumers and write an application to patent it

19. Towards your assignments Prof. Bwisa H. M.

20. Attributes of Innovations Innovations that are perceived by individuals as having greater relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, observability, re-inventability and has less complexity will be adopted more rapidly than other innovations The characteristics of innovations, as perceived by individuals, help to explain their different rates of adoption Relative Advantage: Degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supersedes. Compatibility: Degree to which an innovation is perceived as being consistent with the existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters. Complexity: Degree to which an innovation is perceived as difficult to understand and use. Trialability: Degree to which an innovation may be experimented with on a limited basis. Observability: Degree to which the results of an innovation are visible to others Re-inventability: Degree to which an individual’s use of a new idea departs from the core or “mainline” version of innovation promoted by a change agency (Eveland et al., 1977)

21. Product characteristics that influence diffusion

22. Product characteristics that influence diffusion

23. The scamper technique

26. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation

27. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation

28. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Substitute white board for black board

29. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Substitute Kerosene with solar power

30. SCAMPER Eliminates smoke Substitute Coal with biomass pellets Oorja Stove http://www.growthinstitute.in/emagazine/jun10/innovations.html

31. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation

32. SCAMPER Combine fork with – sticks or spoon

33. SCAMPER Combine Wash basin + flush tank!

34. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Combine shampoo+ oil

35. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Combine fridge + table http://worldmustbecrazy.blogspot.in/2010/11/mini-f-space-saving-refrigerator.html

36. SCAMPER Combine table, couch, storage http://dornob.com/transforming-table-turns-into-a-luxury-leather-couch/

37. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation

38. SCAMPER Adapt Sofa made into twin beds http://inhabitat.com/bonbon-convertible-doc-sofabunk-bed/bonbon-doc-couch/

39. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Adapt car doors mimic bird’s wings

40. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Adapt Seat belt with inflatable air bags for rear seats http://www.autotrends.org/2009/11/05/nifty-idea-inflatable-seat-belts/

41. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation

42. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Minify Laptop computers Magnify Stretch Limousine

43. SCAMPER Wheelchair entry through the back. One hand steering wheel. Rails and handles on the sides. Electric mobile vehicle. Modify http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=32048

44. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation

45. SCAMPER Put to other use CD Drive as a clock Source: http://www.ecofriend.org/entry/eco-friendly-desktop-clock-with-a-cd/

46. SCAMPER Put to other use Ball bearing as a watch. Source: http://rbibearing.com/2014/02/05/innovative-uses-for-ball-bearings/

47. SCAMPER stall made of crates Put to other use

48. SCAMPER Put to other use http://ecoartsblog.wordpress.com/

49. SCAMPER Waste need not be wasted! Put to other use Artistic products from scrap metal http://ecoartsblog.wordpress.com/

50. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation